PolySocial Reality - User contributions [en]

O'Reilly Solid Proposal

2022-02-04T19:31:28Z

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'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2022 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Proposal: "Managing Multiplicity in the Solid World"

Developers will bear the brunt of constructing IT relationships within the Solid world, making sense of big data outcomes, and managing relationships between people and technologies. PoSR, a framework for these relationships, can be applied to this new paradigm. I discuss enabling more robust messaging through Thing Theory, social aware software agents applied in carefully considered contexts.

Abstract

My work with Dr. Michael Fischer for the past several years examines the message and communications structure that will emerge from the new paradigm of the software-enhanced, physically networked world. We have published this work within the IEEE/Auto UI/IoT and IUI communities. This talk specifically addresses the complexities that arise from multiplexed multiple messaging between human/human, human/machine and machine/machine communication and offer strategies for development to manage what will emerge in this system.

The Emperor's New Robotic Self?

2022-02-04T19:31:21Z

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Could Google have acquired Boston Dynamics to give Kurzweil a shot at a body for his Singularity afterlife?

Recently there was extensive news coverage about Google acquiring Boston Dynamics. Boston Dynamics is a robotics company that specializes in military assistance robots that can walk, carry loads, and are able to recover from stumbles, etc. They are both amazing and frightening, even without any uncanny valley type features. Boston Dynamics has created machines that run faster than the fastest man, and have a strength and resilience that is simultaneously awesome and terrifying.

The news stories, blogs and Twitter feed all talked about Google's new robot overlord army and how it will be when they take over the world. I even chimed in, pondering the intersection of these capable robots combined with Google's extensive data libraries on just about everyone and everything, and their mapping and geolocative capabilities. That the combination and synthesis of these things would be a type of superpower, unbeknown to any human prior to this time. If we just kept it at this, it would be overwhelming enough.

Then, I realized why it is likely that Google made this move. Perhaps Google didn't acquire Boston Dynamics because it wanted to dominate the world Cybermen style and take over. Perhaps there was another reason.

Google may have acquired Boston Dynamics to partially fulfill Ray Kurzweil's idea of "The Singularity." Raymond Kurzweil is now Director of Engineering at Google. Kurzweil has been in the press for years now talking about "The Singularlity," the idea that at some point humans will merge with machines. It seems that Kurzweil has devoted his life to strategies to perpetuate life. He has written extensively on the coming trend that we will merge with robots and our selves will be uploaded to the digital realm.

In planning for this future, though, Kurzweil's mind will need a body. A robotic body. A body that can handle large uploads of his personal data as well as being able to merge with Google's rapidly developing Artificial Intelligence.

If this is true, Google may be using future projects such as elderly assistants, factory floor robots, etc. as a learning curve or training ground for prototypes. That said, given who is in charge, my guess is that the "emperor" may be working towards his afterlife robotic self.

Sally Applin

December, 19 2013

Amazon Prime Drones

2022-02-04T19:31:12Z

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== '''Managing Multiple Multiplexed PolySocial Drones: The Amazon Drone Dream''' ==

On 60 Minutes, a television news show, Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon.com, announced plans to have Amazon customers expect Amazon Prime Air drone home delivery of packages within 5 years. The scenario was painted as a shiny future where people could get their 5 pound packages in 30 minutes or less delivered to their door.

I'd like to pull this scenario apart and talk about why it has a long way to go, outside of the regulatory issues--and mostly why it's a terrible idea.

'''The Doors for Delivery'''

Let's start with those "doors." Bezos assumes that in this short-term 5 year future, everyone will have a place to live that would be able to accommodate a drone delivery. For the most part, at least where I live in Silicon Valley, there is a seemingly unending housing crunch, with the majority of housing for the middle and lower classes in the form of high density apartments or condos with limited to no personal outdoor space. While new structures are being built, they are more and more constrained and limited with space. The average apartment space has shrunk and will continue to do so, which limits the amount of what people will actually be able to accumulate and receive deliveries of in the first place. The population is still growing and the situation of high density housing will only increase, limiting locations for "direct-to-customer" drone deliveries. If we work backwards and go with the assumption that the 1% (Bezos himself) and others who will both value this service and have the "doors" for it, the next step to sort out is the traffic.

'''The Traffic of Packages'''

Without getting into the obvious inevitable issues of hacking, jacking etc. of the drones, we can still talk about the traffic of packages. How many customers will Amazon have in any given time for the Prime Air drone service? When one examines the contents of the current neighborhood shipping route delivery trucks, and breaks it into its package components (the packages that are their cargo) and attaches each one to a drone, that is what it will be like. Thousands of couriers are dependent upon regular delivery for their livelihoods. That didn't get any coverage, but will also be a part of this story. Couriers work hard.

A UPS driver, posted this in 2007 on BrownCafe.com about their driving load:

''I usually average about 175 stops with 400 or so pieces... and 10 pickups with an average of 25 packages on the "training" route I'm still running a year later... but anyways the other day I made a comment to the FedEx driver, (ground) I believe if he would be interested in trading trucks for a day as I was hauling in a good sized load on my hand cart... he kinda snapped at me and told me he has 160 stops, 550 pieces and has to load his own truck at 5:30am and unload his pickups when he gets back...''

Imagine some percentage of those packages as being 5 pounds or less. The numbers above were for one driver, working for one company, five years ago. There are more people, and more packages now, thus making the following a fairly conservative estimate. There will be at any given time 300+ drone packages flying through a neighborhood--per vendor (the equivalent of each truck). Furthermore, Amazon's drones are going to be part of a fleet of drones that includes UPS drones, FedEx drones, USPS drones, real estate drones, restaurant delivery drones, individual personal drones, government drones, police drones, etc. The sky is going to be littered with drones.

'''The Cult of the Individual'''

Amazon's Achilles' heel is that they think in terms of individuals. Individual transactions, individual users, individual drones. The corporation doesn't think about groups and group behavior more than as a data aggregate. It seems that Amazon's services successes are tied to time, code and the quantification of time combined with code. People's experiences and quality of life do not seem as high on their agenda as fast delivery and quantification of internal performance metrics. Amazon is here to sell, and to be the fastest and best at it.

As a company, Amazon cultivates a culture where individuals are rewarded. This is not an optimal basis for understanding a system that is going to be thrust upon large groups of people.

'''What Amazon Isn't Thinking About: Experience'''

The experience for people and animals in this scenario. How birds will get from A to B doing bird things. How insects will be able to swarm or not. What the shadows be like for humans on land with a sky thick with drones. The noise. What will the noise be like? Even if the drones fly high enough up to have noise not be a factor, eventually, they are going to have to land in the neighborhood 300+ times/vendor a day. Plus yanno, Sunday delivery.

'''PrimeAir, PolySocial Reality (PoSR) and Thing Theory'''

Applin and Fischer have worked on [http://posr.org/wiki/Main_Page PolySocial Reality (PoSR)] as a way of defining and modelling messaging relationships between humans/humans, human/machines, and machines/machines. The outcomes of PoSR can be both brittle and fragmented or unified and connected, depending upon synchronicity levels and connections. We require situational synchronisation and connection for cooperation, which is the successful outcome that humans need to survive.

PoSR examines what happens in a multiple, multiplexed, messaged world. Amazon drones and the system that they will need to operate within will have a high propensity for error, for missed messages, and thus a high likelihood for poor-to-no interaction with other drones from other vendors or owners. It's going to be a flat out mess.

Applin and Fischer suggest [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf Thing Theory] as a way for trusted agents to broker complex messaging with PoSR and we currently have a paper out for review that discusses how Thing agents can work with connected and autonomous vehicles.

Drones are just another addition to and instance of PoSR. They will need to be included in the system for communication to succeed and for cooperation to be achieved.

'''Subsuming the Commons'''

With this drone service, it appears that Amazon may be aiming to take over public airspace (a shared human resource) and exploit it for their commercial gains.

Amazon has already diverted many states of much needed sales tax that is used to maintain government services. Now that there are less resources to enforce laws within the commons and local governments are desperate for money to support their decaying infrastructure, Amazon can swoop in (literally) and make deals to provide "revenue" -- the very revenue they diverted from local government in the first place.

Amazon intends to dominate retail in the next decade. Own it. All pieces of it. There may simply be no choice but to receive shipments by drone.

'''Conclusion'''

Sometimes a cheap book delivered quickly, can be extraordinarily expensive.

Sally Applin 
December 2, 2013

PoSR and Burning Man

2022-02-04T19:31:04Z

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'''Burning Man as PoSR: a Dynamic Cultural Structure''' 
Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer 
September 8, 2013

The culture of Burning Man can't easily be generalized because Burning Man is a changing cultural structure. Every year, there are different experiences, different burns, different dynamics, and different people at Burning Man, and therefore the cultural dynamic of the event changes every year and from year to year. The broad cultural event of Burning Man may have a year-to-year framework, canonical knowledge and rituals for its physical persistence and like any group that large with many members, the only way to ensure some form of cultural continuity is to distill principles and transmit them, which Larry Harvey (Burning Man founder) did when he wrote the Ten Principles of Burning Man in 2004 as a guideline for regional events that is posted on the Burning Man website under the First-Timer's guide. That's just a tiny part of the cultural guidelines that are documented. There are lists of how tickets work, what to wear, take, how to prepare campsites, whether or not you can take video (you can't), what your theme camps should include (and not), and on and on. Burning Man may not have rules but it has strong guidelines that help to preserve its cultural definition while simultaneously keeping people safe.

That said, people do say that the culture changes. That it wasn't how it used to be. That "when they opened up the tickets to others" the dynamics changed. In 2013, people talked a lot about the presence of Silicon Valley's elite, helicoptering in and infusing their culture onto the event. Or even that there is more technology in the form of Internet and computers there than ever was there before and that that somehow is a negative thing.

What people may be missing when they say things like that last bit, is what the technology people are doing at Burning Man. If part of what Burning Man offers, is a blank desert 'canvas backdrop' to create and make art and music and things and experiences, people are going to bring the tools they know to use to make art and music and things and experiences. Coders are going to bring code, tech is going to bring tech, because that is what they do and that is where their creativity and creative tools are.

This is what we mean by a changing cultural structure. It makes sense that the tech people would be starting to show up now with more tools. We've tipped--we're in Forced Compliance now (Applin and Fischer 2011). We need to use the Internet for most things (like it or not) and there are people, whose favored mode of creative expression are through digital tools.

PolySocial Reality (PoSR) is a framework that can be used to describe the multiple layers of networks arising from intercommunications between people, people and machines and machines to machines, and how the structure and layering of those relationships change over time and examine how information flows across these. While PoSR is a framework for describing the network structure and dynamics emerging from these relationships, there are individual separate participant centric viewpoints on PoSR with each communication attempt--and the structure of PoSR overall changes as individuals adapt and adapt to the dynamics changing in the communication from their POV.

This is also true for Burning Man, which has a PoSR-like structure and dynamics. Each year, Burning Man is made up of a collection of people who come together at a particular time in a particular place, interact within existing groups (and networks) and across others. The culture of the event is derived from the composite of culture of these groups for that Burn. To say that each year is the same, after 20+ years of an event, isn't exactly accurate. Culture is dynamic and changes through processes like this, and thus each instance of Burning Man is an instantiation of Burning Man, as well as an instantiation of PoSR networks within an overall structure of relationships that form and dissolve in that place, only to pop-up in a distributed fashion the rest of the year as the event's participants migrate to other parts of the world and interact with other surfaces of a broader PoSR network.

AnthroPunk

2022-02-04T19:30:54Z

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[[File:Anthropunk-fixed.jpg]] 

Founded by [http://posr.org/wiki/PoSR_Authors Dr. Michael D. Fischer] and his research students, including [http://posr.org/wiki/PoSR_Authors Sally Applin].

"[http://www.anthropunk.com AnthroPunk] - how people promote, manage, resist and endure change; how people hack their lives (and those of others) - living the world not just in it. AnthroPunk is a new label for a number of older ways of conceptualising people and their constructions. Foremost, the individuation of people and their experiences and an explicit recognition that their lives are interactive, not driven by rules, scripts, schemata or frames, but by the creation of these. Context, like culture, is an outcome of human life, not the cause of it. Individual people collectively make the world around them, not only from the materials and ideas available to them but from new materials and ideas they construct. There are limits imposed by materials, but the application of ideas constantly transforms these into new possibilities, and new limits."

'''See our talk at Maker Faire 2011''': [http://fora.tv/2011/05/22/Sally_Applin_AnthroPunk#fullprogram Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AnthroPunk: Meta Making, Cuture Making, and the 'Making' of Making"]

'''Twitter''': [https://twitter.com/anthropunk @Anthropunk]

PoSR Colleagues

2022-02-04T19:30:38Z

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[http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/cfp.html '''IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)''']

[http://www.dfki.de/web/kontakt/mitarbeiter?uid=tisc02 Dr. Tim Schwartz] and [http://www.dfki.de/web/kontakt/mitarbeiter?uid=geka01 Dr. Gerrit Kahl]

The LAMDa workshop aims to discuss the impact of Dual Reality and Mixed Reality on Location Awareness and other applications in Smart Environments. Virtual environments – which are an essential part of Dual and Mixed Realities – can be used to create new applications and to enhance already existing applications in the real world. On the other hand, existing sensors in the real world can be used to enhance the virtual world as well. The Kalman-filter can be seen as an example for this type of application: Sensor measurements in the real world are brought into the virtual world in form of a model that also describes the error distribution of the sensors. The virtual world is then used to make a prediction for the next measurement in the real world and both results – the prediction and the measurement – are used to refine the virtual world and to bring more accurate sensor measurements into the real world, usually in form of User Interfaces.
The main scope of this workshop is: How can the Dual Reality paradigm be combined with location awareness to achieve improvements for location-based and socially-aware services and other applications in smart environments?

'''Intelligent Systems Lab Amsterdam at University of Amsterdam'''

[http://staff.science.uva.nl/~bouwer/ Dr. Anders Bouwer] - LAMDa

• • • • • • •

'''University of Haifa - Caesarea Rothschild Institute for Interdisciplinary Applications of Computer Science'''

[http://www.cri.haifa.ac.il/cripeople/26-former-students/227-eyal-dim Eyal Dim] - LAMDa

• • • • • • •

'''Royal College of Art • Information Experience Design • School of Communications'''

[http://www.lkl.ac.uk/kevin Dr. Kevin Walker] - JITSO/ESRC Collaborator

• • • • • • •

'''Lightning Laboratories'''

[http://lightninglaboratories.com/about.html Gene Becker] - SXSW Talk Partner

• • • • • • •

'''Finely Cultured'''

[http://www.week.egd.im Eric Danielson] - Web Dev, tech support, encouragement

Forced Compliance

2022-02-04T19:30:31Z

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'''''Forced Compliance'' - Applin, S.A. and Fischer, M.D. (2011)'''

"Forced Compliance" is the forfeit of agency we have for many things that we do within our daily lives that may be against our desires but are required to live in the groups that we choose to live in. Maybe people don't want to use computers, but so much of what they do requires it within their community system that computer use (not necessarily ownership yet, but usage) has become a "forced compliance" for daily behavior [1].

Many facets of modern life are beginning to be designed to require not only network connectivity, but also computer access. We refer to this as "Forced Compliance."
''Forced Compliance'' (Applin and Fischer) is a subset of what Fussel [2] describes (with regard to the self-adjusting baseball style cap) as being something that:

''... the buyer and user ... do the work formerly thought the obligation of the seller, who used to have to stock numerous sizes. It's like such other (prole) features of the contemporary scene as the jet plane and the supermarket, where convenience for the seller is disguised by publicity and fraud to pass for the convenience for the buyer. [2:70]''

This has been described in great detail first by Toffler [3], who coined the term “Prosumer,” and later by Kotler [4] who expanded on its application. Forced compliance differs from the idea of the prosumer in that it is concerned primarily with the process and lack of choice for a labor task; the notion being that due to certain structures (primarily the replacement of service staff in industry with algorithms), people are forced to go online to complete processes vital to their livelihoods.

For a prosumer, the choice upon the consumer whether or not to participate in the “labor process” is largely still available [4]. With forced compliance, there is no choice or alternate to processes that are only available online and must be engaged with. Thus, forced compliance shares a foundation with the prosumer, but differs in its lack of choice of experience for the individual. The only choice for the individual in having “forced labor” in forced compliance is when (within a time frame) that person is required to complete that labor task. Thus, they have some flexibility to do those processes asynchronously. It is the outcome from this lack of choice for labor for forced compliance that contributes, in part, to the adaptation of asynchronicity. The unintended consequence of complications from the asynchronicity that is created from the various configurations that emerge from, in part, this multiplexed behavior.

Refs:

1. Applin, S. Council Interview with Sally Applin. October 28, 2011. Online: http://www.theinternetofthings.eu/content/council-interview-sally-applin

2. Fussel, P. Class: A Guide Through the American Status System; Simon & Schuster Touchstone: New York, USA, 1983.

3. Toffler, A. Future Shock. William Morrow and Co: New York, USA, 1980.

4. Kotler, P. The Prosumer Movement: a New Challenge For Marketers. In Advances in Consumer Research 13, pp. 510-513. (ed.) Richard J. Lutz. Proceedings of the Association for Consumer Research: Provo, UT, 1986. Online: http://www.acrwebsite.org/search/view-conference-proceedings.aspx?Id=6542

Connected Individuation

2022-02-04T19:30:24Z

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'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2022 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''''Connected Individuation'' - Applin, S.A. and Fischer, M.D. (2011)'''

''Connected Individuation'' (Applin and Fischer) in communities refers to behavior that connects a person socially while simultaneously isolating them from their local spatial community.
We are not proposing a dualist model with increasingly divergent "realities." The connectivity could be with members of the local community who merely aren't immediately present. What we are trying to describe here is the phenomenon of people who are frequently and empirically connected to others...who just happen to not be in their immediate vicinity. This, together with assorted problems ranging from traffic and navigation on the streets and sidewalks, creates the individuation that is observed. We consider Connected Individualism to be a subset of "Networked Individualism," in that we share the notion of detached connectivity.

Rainie & Wellman [1] propose a "Networked Individualism" that arises from the introduction of networked social relations that weaken local social relations, while the individual has the opportunity to create alternative weak or strong social relationships online as they choose, and suggest that to a point, people will choose weaker relationships rather than stronger to gain more freedom. Our work suggests that ''Connected Individuation'' arises from weaker relationships, local or networked, that are a consequence of the formation through mobile networks of numerous, partially overlapping, social interactions, regardless of the individuals desires.

Illustrations of PoSR

2022-02-04T19:20:41Z

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[[Image:Applin_Fischer_Image_copy.jpg]]

Presentations/Oral Papers/Articles

2022-02-04T19:20:25Z

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'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2022 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuaes.org/japan2014/index.shtml 2013 International Conference on Connected Vehicles & Expo: Industry Forums, Las Vegas, NV, Dec 2-6, 2013]

'''Panel:''' [http://edas.info/p16523#S1569480807 Industry Forum: Privacy, Security and Sociability]

'''Session:''' [http://edas.info/p16523 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Integrating Sociability into the Connected Vehicle Environment”]

'''Blog:''' PoSR.org, University of Kent, Canterbury, Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC)

'''Article:''' December 2, 2013, [http://posr.org/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Drones "The Amazon Drone Dream"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.aaanet.org/meetings/ The 112th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), Chicago, IL, November 20-24, 2013]

'''Session:''' [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2013/webprogrampreliminary/Session8210.html 4-0895 The Human Past and the Future of a Kinship Public]

'''Paper:''' [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2013/webprogrampreliminary/Paper26669.html Michael D. Fischer and Sally A. Applin “From Kinship to Facebook: Information Flows in Multi-Perspectual Networks”]

'''Blog:''' PoSR.org, University of Kent, Canterbury, Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC)

'''Article:''' September 8, 2013, [http://posr.org/wiki/PoSR_and_Burning_Man "Burning Man as PoSR: a Dynamic Cultural Structure"]

'''Conference:''' [http://veillance.me/about/ 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS13) Toronto, Canada, June, 2013]

'''Session:''' Sousveillance | Surveillance

'''Abstract:''' [http://veillance.me/blog/2013/6/3/abstract-ieeeistas13-37 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper (Pre-pub Draft):''' [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper:''' [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6613129&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel7%2F6596466%2F6613092%2F06613129.pdf%3Farnumber%3D6613129 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Report:''' [http://www.netbiscuits.com/reports/reports-and-papers/the-peoples-web-report/ The People's Web Report - Netbiscuits/Bite London, June 2013]

'''Author:''' Sally A. Applin - Foreward/Conclusion and commentary on 5,000 person global mobile web study

'''Conference:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ Augmented World Expo, Santa Clara, CA, 4-5 June, 2013]

'''Session:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ai1ec_event/designing-user-experiences-for-reality/?instance_id=447 Designing Experiences for Augmented Reality]

'''Talk:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ai1ec_event/designing-user-experiences-for-reality/?instance_id=447 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Heads Up! Designing for PolySocial Reality and HMDs”]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.aag.org/cs/annualmeeting AAG 2013 - Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, 9-13 April, 2013]

'''Session:''' [http://meridian.aag.org/callforpapers/program/SessionDetail.cfm?SessionID=17529 3125#Geo/Code: Digital Society, AAG 2013, 11 April, 2013 - American Association of Geographers (AAG) Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, 2013.]

'''Paper:''' [http://meridian.aag.org/callforpapers/program/AbstractDetail.cfm?AbstractID=52911 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Ways to Go: Agency and Heterogeneity in Geography”]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2013 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Santa Monica, CA, 19-22 March, 2013]

'''Session:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/program.html LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2013, 19 March 2013 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa'13)]

'''Paper:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

'''Conference:''' [http://jitso.org/jitso-2012/ First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology, Lausanne, Switzerland, December 4, 2012]

'''Program:''' JITSO 2012 will gather the most significant international researchers that try to understand social phenomena as they unfold, mining their digital traces.

'''Paper:''' Sally Applin, Michael Fischer and Kevin Walker - [http://jitso.org/2012/12/03/visualising-polysocial-reality-revised/ “Visualizing PolySocial Reality”]

'''Conference:''' [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2012/webprogram/Session7036.html The 111th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), San Francisco, CA, November 14-18, 2012]

'''Session:''' Online, Social, and Individual Spaces: Crossing Borders and Delimiting Life Frameworks

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Everybody is Talking to Each other Without Talking to Each Other: PolySocial Reality and Asynchronous Adaptation”

'''Conference:''' [http://sociomobile.org/mobile2012/ ICA Pre-Conference Workshop: Mobile Communication, Community and Locative Media, Phoenix, AZ, May 2012]

'''Session:''' [http://sociomobile.org/mobile2012/program2.html Panel #8: Mobile Spatialities]

'''Paper:''' PolySocial Reality and Connected Individuation in Communities • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Conference:''' [http://www.cyborgology.org/theorizingtheweb/index.html Theorizing the Web (TtW2012), College Park, MD, April 2012]

'''Session:''' [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/04/06/ttw2012-panel-spotlight-augmented-reality/ Augmented Reality: Intersecting Atoms and Bits]

'''Paper:''' PolySocial Reality: Augmentation and Experience • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Blog:''' Cyborgology, University of Maryland, Department of Sociology

'''Article:''' April 10, 2012, [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/04/10/google-glasses-heads-up/ "Google Glasses? Heads Up!"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2012.html SfAA 2012, Bays, Boundaries, and Borders, Baltimore, MD, March 31, 2011]

'''Session:''' [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2012/sfaa2012finalprogram.pdf Digital and Virtual Communities]

'''Paper:''' Blurry Borders and Blended Boundaries: PolySocial Reality and Individuated Communities • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Conference:''' [http://sxsw.com SXSW, 9-13 March 2012]

'''Session:''' [http://schedule.sxsw.com/2012/events/event_IAP11546 Culture, Science and Play, March 13, 12:30-1:30, Driskill Ballroom]

'''Panel:''' [http://schedule.sxsw.com/2012/events/event_IAP11546 PolySocial Reality and the Enspirited World] • Sally A. Applin and Gene Becker

'''Blog:''' Cyborgology, University of Maryland, Department of Sociology

'''Article:''' March 1, 2012, [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/03/01/connected-car-becoming-the-cyborg-chauffeur/ "The Connected cAR: Becoming the Cyborg Chauffeur"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2012 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Lisbon, Portugal, 13-16 February 2012]

'''Session:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/program.html LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2012, February 2012 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)]

'''Paper:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2012/accepted/PolySocial_Reality.pdf PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Conference:''' [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2011/webprogrampreliminary/meeting.html#2011-11-17 The 110th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), Montreal, Canada, November 16-20, 2011]

'''Session:''' The Confluence of Virtual and Real: Tidemarks of Change in the Evolution of Social Life

'''Paper:''' The Data Tide is High and We're Holding On....to Our Mobile Phones • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer (paper accepted, unable to attend due to illness.)

'''Conference:''' [http://intelligentenvironments.org/conferences/ie11 The 7th Annual Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'11), Nottingham, UK, July, 2011]

'''Paper:''' [http://anthropunk.com/Files/Applin_Fischer_PervasiveComputingInTimeAndSpace.pdf Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration] • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Conference:''' [http://augmentedrealityevent.com/, Augmented Reality Event - ARE2011, San Jose, CA, May 2011]

'''Panel:''' [http://www.slideshare.net/SallyApplin/ar-and-social-and-sensors-oh-my-augmented-reality-event-are2011-presentation AR and Social and Sensors, Oh My!] • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Paper:''' Come On, Do the Geolocomotion: Anthropological Context Goes Geospatial • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Conference:''' [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2011.html SfAA 2011, Expanding the Influence of Applied Social Science, Seattle, WA, March 30, 2011]

'''Paper:''' [http://www.theinternetofthings.eu/sites/default/files/Rob%20van%20Kranenburg/ACulturalPerspective.pdf A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Conference:'''[http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2011 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA | 13-16 February 2011]

'''Session:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/ LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2011, February 2011 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)]

'''Complete Proceedings:''' [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1943509 IUI '11 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces]

'''Conference:''' OneSpace 2010

'''Session:''' [http://onespace.kmi.open.ac.uk/2010/ Third International Workshop on Blending Physical and Digital Spaces on the Internet - 20.09.20]

'''Paper:''' Relatively Speaking: The Cultural Logic of Mobility in Space and Time • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - (paper accepted, workshop cancelled.)

Videos

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WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2022 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Talk:''' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTCT-fI5XFA Augmented World Expo (AWE 2013) June 5, 2013 - Awe.tv Interview with Sally Applin, Ph.D. Candidate and University of Kent, Canterbury]

Publications

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WikiSysop:

__NOTOC__

Papers in order of date published '''LATEST''' to '''EARLIEST''':''

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2022 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

== 17) [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons] ==

In this paper, we examine the ethical implications of Facebook's Project Aria research pilot through the perspectives of Responsible Innovation, comparing both existing understandings of Responsible Research and Innovation and Facebook's own Responsible Innovation Principles; we contextualise Project Aria within the Commons through applying current social multi-dimensional communications theory to understand the extensive socio-technological implications of Project Aria within society and culture; and we address the potentially serious consequences of the Facebook Project Aria experiment, inspiring countless other companies to shift their focus to compete with Project Aria, or beat it to the consumer marketplace.

[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010/ Journal of Responsible Technology, Vol. 5 Date: May 2021]

== 16) [http://posr.org/w/images/c/cb/Applin_S_AV_Ethics.pdf Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: Stock or Custom?] ==

The development of Autonomous Vehicles has neglected to include a discussion of culture, both the culture in which Autonomous Vehicles are developed, as well as the culture that Autonomous Vehicles will be deployed within. I examine the necessity of considering culture in Autonomous Vehicles and whether it will be a stock, standard model, or customized for various global cultures.

Pre-Pub Draft of [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7948873/ IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue 3, Date: July 2017 (06/14/2017), pp. 108-110]

== 15) [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines] ==

From a messaging structure that is complex, multiplexed and much of the time asynchronous, conditions emerge that disrupt symmetry of information exchange. People thus encounter circumstances that seem unpredictable given the information available to them, resulting in limited or failed cooperation and consequent quality of outcomes. We explore the role of Social Machines to support, change, and enhance human cooperation within a blended reality context.

[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2890591 The 4th International Workshop on the Theory and Practice of Social Machines (SOCM 2016) Observing social machines on the Web. April 11, 2016, Montreal, Canada]

== 14) [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace] ==

Cooperation is disrupted when people are bound by scripts, processes and algorithms that are inflexible and restrict their agency to solve problems and complete tasks. We suggest increasing trust in humans as a management strategy to foster cooperation with analog and digital algorithms, and productions in the workplace.

[https://algorithmsatwork.wordpress.com/workshop-proposal/ The 19th ACM conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW). February 27–March 2, 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA Workshop on "Algorithms at Work"]

== 13) [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other] ==

We examine the current state of 'mixed-use' new technologies integration with legacy systems, and whether the human assistance required to complete tasks and processes could function as a training ground for future smart systems, or whether increasing 'co-dependence with' or 'training of' algorithmic systems, enhancing task completion and inadvertently educating systems in human behaviour and intelligence, will simply subsume people into the algorithmic landscape.

[http://www.istas2015.org/home/ 21st IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 2015), Dublin, Ireland, November 11–12, 2015]

== 12) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7310907 Extending Driver-Vehicle Interface Research Into the Mobile Device Commons: Transitioning to (nondriving) passengers and their vehicles] ==

When humans, as passengers in semiautomated or automated vehicles, are no longer directly responsible for human-human/interpersonal communication and negotiation, new interactive paradigms must be considered and designed to protect people in manually controlled cars and VRUs within shared road space. Thus, automotive user interface research must also formally extend outward to include intervehicular interaction rather than being limited to the mainly intravehicular environment, as is the present case. In this article, we will examine broader issues of user interface (UI) consistency in vehicular contexts and present recommendations for future automotive UI research.

IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 4, Date: Oct. 2015 (10/2015), pp. 101-106

== 11) [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications] ==

At the moment, AR is based on fixed navigational pathways and single narratives without regard for broader context or history. We encourage UE development for AR to provide environments for sociability, shared stories, and shared experiences.

[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7084768&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D7084768 IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Date: April 2015]

== 10) [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car] ==

In this article, we explore the impact of discontinuities within PoSR as we examine the next layer of integration of the automobile as a communications device in society. In particular, we explore the need to develop software for the social automobile that encapsulates a concept of agency on the part of drivers and other automobiles.

[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7064858&filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A7064851%29 IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 34, Issue 1, Date: spring 2015]

== 9) [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes] ==

Rather than inserting robots into environments simply to complete pre-programmed tasks, we suggest that robots will function most
successfully as cooperative partners with humans in environments where they are required. We examine Rethink Robotics' Baxter robot as an excellent example of a cooperative robot.

10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. Workshop on The Emerging Policy and Ethics of Human Robot Interaction, Mar 2, 2015, Portland, OR, USA

== 8) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions] ==

In this article we explore how multiplexed networked individuated communications are creating new contexts for human behavior within communities, particularly noting the shift from synchronous to asynchronous communication as an adaptation.

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 32, Issue 4, Date: winter 2013

== 7) [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)] ==

We explore the use of Thing Theory to implement a partial means of implementing mutual surveillance between management and workers to increase human agency while developing more adaptive and efficient business processes.

IEEE Conference on International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 13)
Toronto, Canada, June 2013

== 6) [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments] ==

We explore how PolySocial Reality (PoSR), a framework for representing how people, devices and communication technologies interrelate, can be applied to developing use cases within integrated IoT and Smart Environment paradigms, giving special consideration to the nature of location-aware messaging from sensors, and the resultant data collection.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2013)
IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)
Santa Monica, CA, March 2013

== 5) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140207061427/http://jitso.org/2012/12/03/visualising-polysocial-reality-revised/ Visualizing PolySocial Reality] ==

We intend to use PoSR to describe and analyse principles underlying instantiations of the emergent ‘network’ comprised by the union of all individual networks, such that patterns in an overall graph representing these can be identified, node-centric projections examined, and sub-graphs compared.

First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology (JITSO 2012)
Lausanne, December 2012

== 4) [http://posr.org/w/images/a/a5/Applin_Fischer_AutoUI_2012_DRAFT.pdf Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles] ==

We explore the transition to greater sociability concerning automobiles in the context of communications being more fully integrated into their systems. In particular, we examine the consequences of the emergent network that results from interaction between cars, drivers, passengers, pedestrians and locations.

[http://www.auto-ui.org/12/docs/AutomotiveUI-2012-Adjunct-Proceedings.pdf Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications] (AutomotiveUI '12)
Automotive UI 2012 Workshop on The Social Car (socially-inspired C2X interaction)
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, October 2012 Frame pp. 163-167, actual document pp. 153-156 

== 3) [http://posr.org/w/images/8/87/Applin_Fischer_PolySocialRealityProspectsforExtendingUserExperiencesBeyondMixedDualandBlendedReality_LAMDa_2012a.pdf PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] ==

We discuss ways that developers can use PolySocial Reality (PoSR) to represent a more complete complex structural model of individuals interacting within multiple environments.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2012)
IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)
Lisbon, February 2012

== 2) [http://anthropunk.com/download/Main/WebHome/Applin%20and%20Fischer%20-%202011%20-%20Pervasive%20Computing%20in%20Time%20and%20Space%20The%20Culture.pdf Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration] ==

We consider some possible broad changes that may impact society as a whole as a result of widespread integration of full-spectrum deployed pervasive computing technologies. Our approach considers design challenges for successfully developing and integrating pervasive technologies into culture and society.

IEEE 7th Annual Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'11)
Workshop A3: User modelling and Social Perspectives
Nottingham, UK, July, 2011

== 1) [http://posr.org/w/images/f/f6/Applin_Fischer_ACulturalPerspectiveOnMixedDualAndBlendedReality_LAMDa_2011a.pdf A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] ==

This paper is an anthropological perspective on the impact of Dual, Mixed Reality and 'PolySocial Reality' (PoSR) on Location Awareness and other applications in Smart Environments.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2011) • IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa) • Palo Alto, 13 February 2011

The Point of PoSR

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WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2022 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

PoSR was developed to better represent and understand increasingly heterogenous social contexts and relations between people that seemed to arise from increased use of mobile communications combined with existing forms of communications. PoSR can be used to understand how messages that people create independently have related properties.

In other words, different types of behavior that may sometimes seem unrelated can be associated together.

PoSR can help to claify emerging social behavior better by revealing the emergent properties of heterogeneity, multiplexing, multiplicity, asynchronicity and synchronicity in relation to overlapping and partially overlapping social networks.

For the past few years, Applin and Fischer have been examining the impact of ‘digital’ and ‘mobile’ augmentations based on a framework comprised of polysocial networks; the abstract networks representing the union of all instantiable networks for each person in an aggregate; and the instantiation of a subset of these in a given context, which we have called PolySocial Reality. In terms of intersectionality, each person represents a perspectual intersection of many potential resources for information and interaction, only some of which can be instantiated in a given instance, considering constraints of time, cognitive capacity, and mutual exclusion. In past augmentations the changes in polysocial networks and the exercise of agency in instantiating these in different contexts have eventually been resolved in widespread practices that become regarded as ‘cultural’.

[http://posr.org/wiki/Publications Our papers on PolySocial Reality (PoSR)]

PolySocial Networks (PoSN)

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WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2022 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

PolySocial Networks (PoSN) are the abstract networks representing the union of all instantiable networks for each person in an aggregate. The instantiation of a subset of these in a given context we call PolySocial Reality (PoSR). Each person in the network possesses a perspectual intersection of many potential resources for information and interaction, only some of which can be instantiated in a given instance, considering constraints of time, cognitive capacity, and mutual exclusion.

Multigraphs support one of the aspects of PoSN/PoSR: the multiplicity of different relations that may underly multiple intersecting social networks. Gjoka, et al (2011) propose a promising approach to this problem based on multigraphs: graphs whose vertices may be connected by more than one edge. Because of the multiplicity of edges, each type representing a different context for social relations, a projected multigraph will be more likely to have a higher degree of connectivity. (See Fig. 1)

[[File:graph02b.png]] 

Fig. 1. Multigraph integrating two networks. 

Combining multigraphs with metagraphs (Basu and Blanning, 1992) appears a reasonable initial mathematical representation for an exploration of PoSR through the analysis of trails and aggregated trails. A metagraph is a graph where vertices are sets, and edges are connections between sets (see Fig. 2). A multigraph that is also a metagraph permits us, at least, to represent the data in a form that is interoperative and can be converted into different forms such as matricies, XML or relational data suitable for online analytic tools for which a range of algorithms for methods of analysis have been established.

[[File:graph041.png]]

Fig. 2. Multi-Metagraph.

Main Page

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WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2022 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

{{DISPLAYTITLE:PolySocial Reality: You're Soaking in It!}}

'''What is PolySocial Reality (PoSR)?'''

PolySocial Reality (PoSR) (Applin and Fischer 2011) is a model that describes the condition of information flowing in a system in multiple ways at multiple times and how people, software, and machines act on it (or not). PoSR examines all messages: Human/Human, Human/Machine, Machine/Machine. People and things act on information at the same (synchronous) or different (asynchronous) times. This creates different outcomes such as a lack of understanding, or partial understanding which can lead to more messages needing to be created or messages not being received as well as sociability though mediated devices at the expense of the local locale. These conditions can lead to a lack of cooperation. We are dependent on each other to maintain many complex systems for food, energy, water, etc.. We need to communicate well in order to cooperate and survive. PoSR looks at the aggregate of all of the information in the messaging system, digital and analog.

Formally, PolySocial Reality (PoSR) describes the multiple, sometimes overlapping, network transaction spaces that people traverse synchronously and asynchronously with others to maintain and use social relationships and systems; a conceptual model for the global interaction context within which people experience social interactions whether immediate or mediated by technology. PoSR defines relations across the aggregate of all the experienced ‘locations’ and ‘communications’ of and between all individual people, people/machines and machines/machines (as well as animals/people and animals/machines) in multiple networks and/or locales at the same or different times. PoSR is based upon the core concept that dynamic relational structures emerge from the aggregate of multiplexed asynchronous or synchronous data creations of all individuals within the domain of networked, non-networked, and/or local experiences.

[http://posr.org/wiki/Publications '''ALL papers''' on PolySocial Reality (PoSR)]

'''Twitter:''' [http://www.twitter.com/anthropunk @AnthroPunk]

'''NEW! Paper:''' May 2021 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons]

'''Publication Highlights:'''

'''Paper:''' April 2016 [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines]

'''Paper:''' March 2016 [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace]

'''Paper:''' November 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other]

'''Paper:''' April 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications]

'''Paper:''' March 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car]

'''Paper:''' March 2, 2015 [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes]

'''Article:''' Dec. 2013: [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions"]

'''Paper:''' June 29, 2013: [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me. Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper:''' March 19, 2013: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

PoSR Authors

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WikiSysop:

PoSR is a collaborative effort between [http://www.sally.com Sally A. Applin] and [http://lucy.kent.ac.uk/fischer.html Dr. Michael D. Fischer] at the University of Kent, Canterbury in the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing.

[http://www.sally.com '''Sally A. Applin''']

Sally A. Applin earned her Ph.D.in Anthropology at the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, working with the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC) where she researches the changing relationship between humans and algorithms, the impact of technology on culture, Maker culture, leading technologies, and the outcomes of network complexities as modeled by PolySocial Reality (PoSR). Sally holds a Masters degree from the graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program at NYU (ITP), and a BA in Conceptual Design from SFSU. Sally has had a career in the science museum design, computer software, telecommunications, innovation, insight, and product design/definition industries working as a Senior UX Designer, Senior Researcher, and Senior Consultant.

Dr. Applin is an anthropologist and Sr. Researcher who explores the domains of human agency, algorithms, AI, and automation in the context of social systems and sociability. Dr. Applin is a Research Fellow at HRAF Advanced Research Centres (EU), Canterbury, Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC), and Research Fellow at Human Relations Area Files (HRAF), Yale University. Dr. Applin has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Associate Editor of the IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine (Societal Impacts Section), and an Executive Board Member of the Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer Foundation. Dr. Applin is currently a member of IoT Council (a think tank for the Internet of Things (IoT)), Shortwave Collective, the ACM Committee on Professional Ethics in Computer Science, the IEEE Algorithmic Decision Making Working Group (2017–ongoing), and the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S). A former collegiate dinghy racer, Dr. Applin currently belongs to the HMBYC.

[http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/staff-profiles/profiles/social-anthropology/academic-staff/fischer_michael.html '''Dr. Michael D. Fischer''']

Michael D. Fischer is a Professor Emeritus of Anthropological Sciences at the University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom, as well as the Director of the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing; Vice President of the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF), Yale University; a Director of HRAF Advanced Research Centres (Kenta and Yale); and a Software Sustainability Institute Fellow. His research interests are the representation and structure of indigenous knowledge, cultural informatics, invention, the impact of mobile communications on social networks and agency, and the interrelationships between ideation and the material contexts within which ideation is expressed. He has worked mainly in the Punjab and Swat in Pakistan, and the Cook Islands. Fischer is Professor of Anthropological Sciences in the School of Anthropology and Conservation at the University of Kent and is currently Director of the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing, the University of Kent at Canterbury. He has received grants from the ESRC, AHRB, SERC, MRC, HEFCE, JISC, Leverhulme and Nuffield, on topics including ethnography of Pakistan and the Cook Islands, formal analysis, multi-media databases, coding methods, virtual reality, performance and large scale networked databases, historical anthropology and textual markup.

PoSR Authors

2021-09-30T03:47:50Z

WikiSysop:

PoSR is a collaborative effort between [http://www.sally.com Sally A. Applin] and [http://lucy.kent.ac.uk/fischer.html Dr. Michael D. Fischer] at the University of Kent, Canterbury in the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing.

[http://www.sally.com '''Sally A. Applin''']

Sally A. Applin earned her Ph.D.in Anthropology at the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK, working with the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC) where she researches the changing relationship between humans and algorithms, the impact of technology on culture, Maker culture, leading technologies, and the outcomes of network complexities as modeled by PolySocial Reality (PoSR). Sally holds a Masters degree from the graduate Interactive Telecommunications Program at NYU (ITP), and a BA in Conceptual Design from SFSU. Sally has had a career in the science museum design, computer software, telecommunications, innovation, insight, and product design/definition industries working as a Senior UX Designer, Senior Researcher, and Senior Consultant.

At Kent, Dr. Applin was advised by Dr. Michael D. Fischer, Professor of Anthropological Sciences, Chief Examiner, Director of CSAC, and Director of Enterprise. Dr. Fischer is the founder of AnthroPunk, a movement that examines how people promote, manage, resist and endure change; hack their lives (and those of others); and create the context of the individuation of their experiences.

Dr. Applin is a founding member of Anthropunk. Dr. Applin is an anthropologist and Sr. Researcher who explores the domains of human agency, algorithms, AI, and automation in the context of social systems and sociability. Dr. Applin is a Research Fellow at HRAF Advanced Research Centres (EU), Canterbury, Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC), and Research Fellow at Human Relations Area Files (HRAF), Yale University. Dr. Applin has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Associate Editor of the IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine (Societal Impacts Section), and an Executive Board Member of the Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer Foundation. Dr. Applin is currently a member of IoT Council (a think tank for the Internet of Things (IoT)), Shortwave Collective, the ACM Committee on Professional Ethics in Computer Science, the IEEE Algorithmic Decision Making Working Group (2017–ongoing), and the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S). A former collegiate dinghy racer, Dr. Applin currently belongs to the HMBYC.

[http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac/staff-profiles/profiles/social-anthropology/academic-staff/fischer_michael.html '''Dr. Michael D. Fischer''']

Michael D. Fischer is a Professor Emeritus of Anthropological Sciences at the University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom, as well as the Director of the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing; Vice President of the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF), Yale University; a Director of HRAF Advanced Research Centres (Kenta and Yale); and a Software Sustainability Institute Fellow. His research interests are the representation and structure of indigenous knowledge, cultural informatics, invention, the impact of mobile communications on social networks and agency, and the interrelationships between ideation and the material contexts within which ideation is expressed. He has worked mainly in the Punjab and Swat in Pakistan, and the Cook Islands. Fischer is Professor of Anthropological Sciences in the School of Anthropology and Conservation at the University of Kent and is currently Director of the Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing, the University of Kent at Canterbury. He has received grants from the ESRC, AHRB, SERC, MRC, HEFCE, JISC, Leverhulme and Nuffield, on topics including ethnography of Pakistan and the Cook Islands, formal analysis, multi-media databases, coding methods, virtual reality, performance and large scale networked databases, historical anthropology and textual markup.

Publications

2021-05-16T20:06:14Z

WikiSysop:

__NOTOC__

Papers in order of date published '''LATEST''' to '''EARLIEST''':''

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

== 17) [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons] ==

In this paper, we examine the ethical implications of Facebook's Project Aria research pilot through the perspectives of Responsible Innovation, comparing both existing understandings of Responsible Research and Innovation and Facebook's own Responsible Innovation Principles; we contextualise Project Aria within the Commons through applying current social multi-dimensional communications theory to understand the extensive socio-technological implications of Project Aria within society and culture; and we address the potentially serious consequences of the Facebook Project Aria experiment, inspiring countless other companies to shift their focus to compete with Project Aria, or beat it to the consumer marketplace.

[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010/ Journal of Responsible Technology, Vol. 5 Date: May 2021]

== 16) [http://posr.org/w/images/c/cb/Applin_S_AV_Ethics.pdf Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: Stock or Custom?] ==

The development of Autonomous Vehicles has neglected to include a discussion of culture, both the culture in which Autonomous Vehicles are developed, as well as the culture that Autonomous Vehicles will be deployed within. I examine the necessity of considering culture in Autonomous Vehicles and whether it will be a stock, standard model, or customized for various global cultures.

Pre-Pub Draft of [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7948873/ IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue 3, Date: July 2017 (06/14/2017), pp. 108-110]

== 15) [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines] ==

From a messaging structure that is complex, multiplexed and much of the time asynchronous, conditions emerge that disrupt symmetry of information exchange. People thus encounter circumstances that seem unpredictable given the information available to them, resulting in limited or failed cooperation and consequent quality of outcomes. We explore the role of Social Machines to support, change, and enhance human cooperation within a blended reality context.

[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2890591 The 4th International Workshop on the Theory and Practice of Social Machines (SOCM 2016) Observing social machines on the Web. April 11, 2016, Montreal, Canada]

== 14) [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace] ==

Cooperation is disrupted when people are bound by scripts, processes and algorithms that are inflexible and restrict their agency to solve problems and complete tasks. We suggest increasing trust in humans as a management strategy to foster cooperation with analog and digital algorithms, and productions in the workplace.

[https://algorithmsatwork.wordpress.com/workshop-proposal/ The 19th ACM conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW). February 27–March 2, 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA Workshop on "Algorithms at Work"]

== 13) [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other] ==

We examine the current state of 'mixed-use' new technologies integration with legacy systems, and whether the human assistance required to complete tasks and processes could function as a training ground for future smart systems, or whether increasing 'co-dependence with' or 'training of' algorithmic systems, enhancing task completion and inadvertently educating systems in human behaviour and intelligence, will simply subsume people into the algorithmic landscape.

[http://www.istas2015.org/home/ 21st IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 2015), Dublin, Ireland, November 11–12, 2015]

== 12) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7310907 Extending Driver-Vehicle Interface Research Into the Mobile Device Commons: Transitioning to (nondriving) passengers and their vehicles] ==

When humans, as passengers in semiautomated or automated vehicles, are no longer directly responsible for human-human/interpersonal communication and negotiation, new interactive paradigms must be considered and designed to protect people in manually controlled cars and VRUs within shared road space. Thus, automotive user interface research must also formally extend outward to include intervehicular interaction rather than being limited to the mainly intravehicular environment, as is the present case. In this article, we will examine broader issues of user interface (UI) consistency in vehicular contexts and present recommendations for future automotive UI research.

IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 4, Date: Oct. 2015 (10/2015), pp. 101-106

== 11) [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications] ==

At the moment, AR is based on fixed navigational pathways and single narratives without regard for broader context or history. We encourage UE development for AR to provide environments for sociability, shared stories, and shared experiences.

[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7084768&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D7084768 IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Date: April 2015]

== 10) [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car] ==

In this article, we explore the impact of discontinuities within PoSR as we examine the next layer of integration of the automobile as a communications device in society. In particular, we explore the need to develop software for the social automobile that encapsulates a concept of agency on the part of drivers and other automobiles.

[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7064858&filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A7064851%29 IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 34, Issue 1, Date: spring 2015]

== 9) [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes] ==

Rather than inserting robots into environments simply to complete pre-programmed tasks, we suggest that robots will function most
successfully as cooperative partners with humans in environments where they are required. We examine Rethink Robotics' Baxter robot as an excellent example of a cooperative robot.

10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. Workshop on The Emerging Policy and Ethics of Human Robot Interaction, Mar 2, 2015, Portland, OR, USA

== 8) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions] ==

In this article we explore how multiplexed networked individuated communications are creating new contexts for human behavior within communities, particularly noting the shift from synchronous to asynchronous communication as an adaptation.

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 32, Issue 4, Date: winter 2013

== 7) [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)] ==

We explore the use of Thing Theory to implement a partial means of implementing mutual surveillance between management and workers to increase human agency while developing more adaptive and efficient business processes.

IEEE Conference on International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 13)
Toronto, Canada, June 2013

== 6) [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments] ==

We explore how PolySocial Reality (PoSR), a framework for representing how people, devices and communication technologies interrelate, can be applied to developing use cases within integrated IoT and Smart Environment paradigms, giving special consideration to the nature of location-aware messaging from sensors, and the resultant data collection.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2013)
IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)
Santa Monica, CA, March 2013

== 5) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140207061427/http://jitso.org/2012/12/03/visualising-polysocial-reality-revised/ Visualizing PolySocial Reality] ==

We intend to use PoSR to describe and analyse principles underlying instantiations of the emergent ‘network’ comprised by the union of all individual networks, such that patterns in an overall graph representing these can be identified, node-centric projections examined, and sub-graphs compared.

First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology (JITSO 2012)
Lausanne, December 2012

== 4) [http://posr.org/w/images/a/a5/Applin_Fischer_AutoUI_2012_DRAFT.pdf Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles] ==

We explore the transition to greater sociability concerning automobiles in the context of communications being more fully integrated into their systems. In particular, we examine the consequences of the emergent network that results from interaction between cars, drivers, passengers, pedestrians and locations.

[http://www.auto-ui.org/12/docs/AutomotiveUI-2012-Adjunct-Proceedings.pdf Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications] (AutomotiveUI '12)
Automotive UI 2012 Workshop on The Social Car (socially-inspired C2X interaction)
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, October 2012 Frame pp. 163-167, actual document pp. 153-156 

== 3) [http://posr.org/w/images/8/87/Applin_Fischer_PolySocialRealityProspectsforExtendingUserExperiencesBeyondMixedDualandBlendedReality_LAMDa_2012a.pdf PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] ==

We discuss ways that developers can use PolySocial Reality (PoSR) to represent a more complete complex structural model of individuals interacting within multiple environments.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2012)
IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)
Lisbon, February 2012

== 2) [http://anthropunk.com/download/Main/WebHome/Applin%20and%20Fischer%20-%202011%20-%20Pervasive%20Computing%20in%20Time%20and%20Space%20The%20Culture.pdf Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration] ==

We consider some possible broad changes that may impact society as a whole as a result of widespread integration of full-spectrum deployed pervasive computing technologies. Our approach considers design challenges for successfully developing and integrating pervasive technologies into culture and society.

IEEE 7th Annual Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'11)
Workshop A3: User modelling and Social Perspectives
Nottingham, UK, July, 2011

== 1) [http://posr.org/w/images/f/f6/Applin_Fischer_ACulturalPerspectiveOnMixedDualAndBlendedReality_LAMDa_2011a.pdf A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] ==

This paper is an anthropological perspective on the impact of Dual, Mixed Reality and 'PolySocial Reality' (PoSR) on Location Awareness and other applications in Smart Environments.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2011) • IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa) • Palo Alto, 13 February 2011

Publications

2021-05-16T20:05:52Z

WikiSysop:

Publications

2021-05-16T20:05:19Z

WikiSysop:

__NOTOC__

Papers in order of date published '''LATEST''' to '''EARLIEST''':''

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

== 17) [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons] ==

In this paper, we examine the ethical implications of Facebook's Project Aria research pilot through the perspectives of Responsible Innovation, comparing both existing understandings of Responsible Research and Innovation and Facebook's own Responsible Innovation Principles; we contextualise Project Aria within the Commons through applying current social multi-dimensional communications theory to understand the extensive socio-technological implications of Project Aria within society and culture; and we address the potentially serious consequences of the Facebook Project Aria experiment, inspiring countless other companies to shift their focus to compete with Project Aria, or beat it to the consumer marketplace.

[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010/ Journal of Responsible Technology, Vol. 5 Date: May 2021]

== 16) [http://posr.org/w/images/c/cb/Applin_S_AV_Ethics.pdf Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: Stock or Custom?] ==

The development of Autonomous Vehicles has neglected to include a discussion of culture, both the culture in which Autonomous Vehicles are developed, as well as the culture that Autonomous Vehicles will be deployed within. I examine the necessity of considering culture in Autonomous Vehicles and whether it will be a stock, standard model, or customized for various global cultures.

Pre-Pub Draft of [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7948873/ IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue 3, Date: July 2017 (06/14/2017), pp. 108-110]

== 15) [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines] ==

From a messaging structure that is complex, multiplexed and much of the time asynchronous, conditions emerge that disrupt symmetry of information exchange. People thus encounter circumstances that seem unpredictable given the information available to them, resulting in limited or failed cooperation and consequent quality of outcomes. We explore the role of Social Machines to support, change, and enhance human cooperation within a blended reality context.

[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2890591 The 4th International Workshop on the Theory and Practice of Social Machines (SOCM 2016) Observing social machines on the Web. April 11, 2016, Montreal, Canada]

== 14) [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace] ==

Cooperation is disrupted when people are bound by scripts, processes and algorithms that are inflexible and restrict their agency to solve problems and complete tasks. We suggest increasing trust in humans as a management strategy to foster cooperation with analog and digital algorithms, and productions in the workplace.

[https://algorithmsatwork.wordpress.com/workshop-proposal/ The 19th ACM conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW). February 27–March 2, 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA Workshop on "Algorithms at Work"]

== 13) [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other] ==

We examine the current state of 'mixed-use' new technologies integration with legacy systems, and whether the human assistance required to complete tasks and processes could function as a training ground for future smart systems, or whether increasing 'co-dependence with' or 'training of' algorithmic systems, enhancing task completion and inadvertently educating systems in human behaviour and intelligence, will simply subsume people into the algorithmic landscape.

[http://www.istas2015.org/home/ 21st IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 2015), Dublin, Ireland, November 11–12, 2015]

== 12) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7310907 Extending Driver-Vehicle Interface Research Into the Mobile Device Commons: Transitioning to (nondriving) passengers and their vehicles] ==

When humans, as passengers in semiautomated or automated vehicles, are no longer directly responsible for human-human/interpersonal communication and negotiation, new interactive paradigms must be considered and designed to protect people in manually controlled cars and VRUs within shared road space. Thus, automotive user interface research must also formally extend outward to include intervehicular interaction rather than being limited to the mainly intravehicular environment, as is the present case. In this article, we will examine broader issues of user interface (UI) consistency in vehicular contexts and present recommendations for future automotive UI research.

IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 4, Date: Oct. 2015 (10/2015), pp. 101-106

== 11) [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications] ==

At the moment, AR is based on fixed navigational pathways and single narratives without regard for broader context or history. We encourage UE development for AR to provide environments for sociability, shared stories, and shared experiences.

[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7084768&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D7084768 IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Date: April 2015]

== 10) [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car] ==

In this article, we explore the impact of discontinuities within PoSR as we examine the next layer of integration of the automobile as a communications device in society. In particular, we explore the need to develop software for the social automobile that encapsulates a concept of agency on the part of drivers and other automobiles.

[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7064858&filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A7064851%29 IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 34, Issue 1, Date: spring 2015]

== 9) [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes] ==

Rather than inserting robots into environments simply to complete pre-programmed tasks, we suggest that robots will function most
successfully as cooperative partners with humans in environments where they are required. We examine Rethink Robotics' Baxter robot as an excellent example of a cooperative robot.

10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. Workshop on The Emerging Policy and Ethics of Human Robot Interaction, Mar 2, 2015, Portland, OR, USA

== 8) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions] ==

In this article we explore how multiplexed networked individuated communications are creating new contexts for human behavior within communities, particularly noting the shift from synchronous to asynchronous communication as an adaptation.

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 32, Issue 4, Date: winter 2013

== 7) [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)] ==

We explore the use of Thing Theory to implement a partial means of implementing mutual surveillance between management and workers to increase human agency while developing more adaptive and efficient business processes.

IEEE Conference on International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 13)
Toronto, Canada, June 2013

== 6) [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments] ==

We explore how PolySocial Reality (PoSR), a framework for representing how people, devices and communication technologies interrelate, can be applied to developing use cases within integrated IoT and Smart Environment paradigms, giving special consideration to the nature of location-aware messaging from sensors, and the resultant data collection.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2013)
IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)
Santa Monica, CA, March 2013

== 5) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140207061427/http://jitso.org/2012/12/03/visualising-polysocial-reality-revised/ Visualizing PolySocial Reality] ==

We intend to use PoSR to describe and analyse principles underlying instantiations of the emergent ‘network’ comprised by the union of all individual networks, such that patterns in an overall graph representing these can be identified, node-centric projections examined, and sub-graphs compared.

First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology (JITSO 2012)
Lausanne, December 2012

== 4) [http://posr.org/w/images/a/a5/Applin_Fischer_AutoUI_2012_DRAFT.pdf Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles] ==

We explore the transition to greater sociability concerning automobiles in the context of communications being more fully integrated into their systems. In particular, we examine the consequences of the emergent network that results from interaction between cars, drivers, passengers, pedestrians and locations.

[http://www.auto-ui.org/12/docs/AutomotiveUI-2012-Adjunct-Proceedings.pdf Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications] (AutomotiveUI '12)
Automotive UI 2012 Workshop on The Social Car (socially-inspired C2X interaction)
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, October 2012 Frame pp. 163-167, actual document pp. 153-156 

== 3) [http://posr.org/w/images/8/87/Applin_Fischer_PolySocialRealityProspectsforExtendingUserExperiencesBeyondMixedDualandBlendedReality_LAMDa_2012a.pdf PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] ==

We discuss ways that developers can use PolySocial Reality (PoSR) to represent a more complete complex structural model of individuals interacting within multiple environments.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2012)
IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)
Lisbon, February 2012

== 2) [http://anthropunk.com/download/Main/WebHome/Applin%20and%20Fischer%20-%202011%20-%20Pervasive%20Computing%20in%20Time%20and%20Space%20The%20Culture.pdf Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration] ==

We consider some possible broad changes that may impact society as a whole as a result of widespread integration of full-spectrum deployed pervasive computing technologies. Our approach considers design challenges for successfully developing and integrating pervasive technologies into culture and society.

IEEE 7th Annual Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'11)
Workshop A3: User modelling and Social Perspectives
Nottingham, UK, July, 2011

== 1) [http://posr.org/w/images/f/f6/Applin_Fischer_ACulturalPerspectiveOnMixedDualAndBlendedReality_LAMDa_2011a.pdf A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] ==

This paper is an anthropological perspective on the impact of Dual, Mixed Reality and 'PolySocial Reality' (PoSR) on Location Awareness and other applications in Smart Environments.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2011) • IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa) • Palo Alto, 13 February 2011

Main Page

2021-04-16T22:20:38Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

{{DISPLAYTITLE:PolySocial Reality: You're Soaking in It!}}

'''What is PolySocial Reality (PoSR)?'''

PolySocial Reality (PoSR) (Applin and Fischer 2011) is a model that describes the condition of information flowing in a system in multiple ways at multiple times and how people, software, and machines act on it (or not). PoSR examines all messages: Human/Human, Human/Machine, Machine/Machine. People and things act on information at the same (synchronous) or different (asynchronous) times. This creates different outcomes such as a lack of understanding, or partial understanding which can lead to more messages needing to be created or messages not being received as well as sociability though mediated devices at the expense of the local locale. These conditions can lead to a lack of cooperation. We are dependent on each other to maintain many complex systems for food, energy, water, etc.. We need to communicate well in order to cooperate and survive. PoSR looks at the aggregate of all of the information in the messaging system, digital and analog.

Formally, PolySocial Reality (PoSR) describes the multiple, sometimes overlapping, network transaction spaces that people traverse synchronously and asynchronously with others to maintain and use social relationships and systems; a conceptual model for the global interaction context within which people experience social interactions whether immediate or mediated by technology. PoSR defines relations across the aggregate of all the experienced ‘locations’ and ‘communications’ of and between all individual people, people/machines and machines/machines (as well as animals/people and animals/machines) in multiple networks and/or locales at the same or different times. PoSR is based upon the core concept that dynamic relational structures emerge from the aggregate of multiplexed asynchronous or synchronous data creations of all individuals within the domain of networked, non-networked, and/or local experiences.

[http://posr.org/wiki/Publications '''ALL papers''' on PolySocial Reality (PoSR)]

'''Twitter:''' [http://www.twitter.com/anthropunk @AnthroPunk]

'''NEW! Paper:''' May 2021 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons]

'''Publication Highlights:'''

'''Paper:''' April 2016 [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines]

'''Paper:''' March 2016 [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace]

'''Paper:''' November 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other]

'''Paper:''' April 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications]

'''Paper:''' March 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car]

'''Paper:''' March 2, 2015 [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes]

'''Article:''' Dec. 2013: [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions"]

'''Paper:''' June 29, 2013: [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me. Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper:''' March 19, 2013: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

Main Page

2021-04-16T22:20:06Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

{{DISPLAYTITLE:PolySocial Reality: You're Soaking in It!}}

'''What is PolySocial Reality (PoSR)?'''

PolySocial Reality (PoSR) (Applin and Fischer 2011) is a model that describes the condition of information flowing in a system in multiple ways at multiple times and how people, software, and machines act on it (or not). PoSR examines all messages: Human/Human, Human/Machine, Machine/Machine. People and things act on information at the same (synchronous) or different (asynchronous) times. This creates different outcomes such as a lack of understanding, or partial understanding which can lead to more messages needing to be created or messages not being received as well as sociability though mediated devices at the expense of the local locale. These conditions can lead to a lack of cooperation. We are dependent on each other to maintain many complex systems for food, energy, water, etc.. We need to communicate well in order to cooperate and survive. PoSR looks at the aggregate of all of the information in the messaging system, digital and analog.

Formally, PolySocial Reality (PoSR) describes the multiple, sometimes overlapping, network transaction spaces that people traverse synchronously and asynchronously with others to maintain and use social relationships and systems; a conceptual model for the global interaction context within which people experience social interactions whether immediate or mediated by technology. PoSR defines relations across the aggregate of all the experienced ‘locations’ and ‘communications’ of and between all individual people, people/machines and machines/machines (as well as animals/people and animals/machines) in multiple networks and/or locales at the same or different times. PoSR is based upon the core concept that dynamic relational structures emerge from the aggregate of multiplexed asynchronous or synchronous data creations of all individuals within the domain of networked, non-networked, and/or local experiences.

[http://posr.org/wiki/Publications '''ALL papers''' on PolySocial Reality (PoSR)]

'''Twitter:''' [http://www.twitter.com/anthropunk @AnthroPunk]

'''NEW! Paper:''' May 2021 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons]

Publication Highlights:

'''Paper:''' April 2016 [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines]

'''Paper:''' March 2016 [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace]

'''Paper:''' November 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other]

'''Paper:''' April 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications]

'''Paper:''' March 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car]

'''Paper:''' March 2, 2015 [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes]

'''Article:''' Dec. 2013: [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions"]

'''Paper:''' June 29, 2013: [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me. Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper:''' March 19, 2013: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

O'Reilly Solid Proposal

2021-04-16T22:18:29Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

Proposal: "Managing Multiplicity in the Solid World"

Developers will bear the brunt of constructing IT relationships within the Solid world, making sense of big data outcomes, and managing relationships between people and technologies. PoSR, a framework for these relationships, can be applied to this new paradigm. I discuss enabling more robust messaging through Thing Theory, social aware software agents applied in carefully considered contexts.

Abstract

My work with Dr. Michael Fischer for the past several years examines the message and communications structure that will emerge from the new paradigm of the software-enhanced, physically networked world. We have published this work within the IEEE/Auto UI/IoT and IUI communities. This talk specifically addresses the complexities that arise from multiplexed multiple messaging between human/human, human/machine and machine/machine communication and offer strategies for development to manage what will emerge in this system.

The Emperor's New Robotic Self?

2021-04-16T22:18:21Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN'''

Could Google have acquired Boston Dynamics to give Kurzweil a shot at a body for his Singularity afterlife?

Recently there was extensive news coverage about Google acquiring Boston Dynamics. Boston Dynamics is a robotics company that specializes in military assistance robots that can walk, carry loads, and are able to recover from stumbles, etc. They are both amazing and frightening, even without any uncanny valley type features. Boston Dynamics has created machines that run faster than the fastest man, and have a strength and resilience that is simultaneously awesome and terrifying.

The news stories, blogs and Twitter feed all talked about Google's new robot overlord army and how it will be when they take over the world. I even chimed in, pondering the intersection of these capable robots combined with Google's extensive data libraries on just about everyone and everything, and their mapping and geolocative capabilities. That the combination and synthesis of these things would be a type of superpower, unbeknown to any human prior to this time. If we just kept it at this, it would be overwhelming enough.

Then, I realized why it is likely that Google made this move. Perhaps Google didn't acquire Boston Dynamics because it wanted to dominate the world Cybermen style and take over. Perhaps there was another reason.

Google may have acquired Boston Dynamics to partially fulfill Ray Kurzweil's idea of "The Singularity." Raymond Kurzweil is now Director of Engineering at Google. Kurzweil has been in the press for years now talking about "The Singularlity," the idea that at some point humans will merge with machines. It seems that Kurzweil has devoted his life to strategies to perpetuate life. He has written extensively on the coming trend that we will merge with robots and our selves will be uploaded to the digital realm.

In planning for this future, though, Kurzweil's mind will need a body. A robotic body. A body that can handle large uploads of his personal data as well as being able to merge with Google's rapidly developing Artificial Intelligence.

If this is true, Google may be using future projects such as elderly assistants, factory floor robots, etc. as a learning curve or training ground for prototypes. That said, given who is in charge, my guess is that the "emperor" may be working towards his afterlife robotic self.

Sally Applin

December, 19 2013

Amazon Prime Drones

2021-04-16T22:18:12Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©1978–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN'''

== '''Managing Multiple Multiplexed PolySocial Drones: The Amazon Drone Dream''' ==

On 60 Minutes, a television news show, Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon.com, announced plans to have Amazon customers expect Amazon Prime Air drone home delivery of packages within 5 years. The scenario was painted as a shiny future where people could get their 5 pound packages in 30 minutes or less delivered to their door.

I'd like to pull this scenario apart and talk about why it has a long way to go, outside of the regulatory issues--and mostly why it's a terrible idea.

'''The Doors for Delivery'''

Let's start with those "doors." Bezos assumes that in this short-term 5 year future, everyone will have a place to live that would be able to accommodate a drone delivery. For the most part, at least where I live in Silicon Valley, there is a seemingly unending housing crunch, with the majority of housing for the middle and lower classes in the form of high density apartments or condos with limited to no personal outdoor space. While new structures are being built, they are more and more constrained and limited with space. The average apartment space has shrunk and will continue to do so, which limits the amount of what people will actually be able to accumulate and receive deliveries of in the first place. The population is still growing and the situation of high density housing will only increase, limiting locations for "direct-to-customer" drone deliveries. If we work backwards and go with the assumption that the 1% (Bezos himself) and others who will both value this service and have the "doors" for it, the next step to sort out is the traffic.

'''The Traffic of Packages'''

Without getting into the obvious inevitable issues of hacking, jacking etc. of the drones, we can still talk about the traffic of packages. How many customers will Amazon have in any given time for the Prime Air drone service? When one examines the contents of the current neighborhood shipping route delivery trucks, and breaks it into its package components (the packages that are their cargo) and attaches each one to a drone, that is what it will be like. Thousands of couriers are dependent upon regular delivery for their livelihoods. That didn't get any coverage, but will also be a part of this story. Couriers work hard.

A UPS driver, posted this in 2007 on BrownCafe.com about their driving load:

''I usually average about 175 stops with 400 or so pieces... and 10 pickups with an average of 25 packages on the "training" route I'm still running a year later... but anyways the other day I made a comment to the FedEx driver, (ground) I believe if he would be interested in trading trucks for a day as I was hauling in a good sized load on my hand cart... he kinda snapped at me and told me he has 160 stops, 550 pieces and has to load his own truck at 5:30am and unload his pickups when he gets back...''

Imagine some percentage of those packages as being 5 pounds or less. The numbers above were for one driver, working for one company, five years ago. There are more people, and more packages now, thus making the following a fairly conservative estimate. There will be at any given time 300+ drone packages flying through a neighborhood--per vendor (the equivalent of each truck). Furthermore, Amazon's drones are going to be part of a fleet of drones that includes UPS drones, FedEx drones, USPS drones, real estate drones, restaurant delivery drones, individual personal drones, government drones, police drones, etc. The sky is going to be littered with drones.

'''The Cult of the Individual'''

Amazon's Achilles' heel is that they think in terms of individuals. Individual transactions, individual users, individual drones. The corporation doesn't think about groups and group behavior more than as a data aggregate. It seems that Amazon's services successes are tied to time, code and the quantification of time combined with code. People's experiences and quality of life do not seem as high on their agenda as fast delivery and quantification of internal performance metrics. Amazon is here to sell, and to be the fastest and best at it.

As a company, Amazon cultivates a culture where individuals are rewarded. This is not an optimal basis for understanding a system that is going to be thrust upon large groups of people.

'''What Amazon Isn't Thinking About: Experience'''

The experience for people and animals in this scenario. How birds will get from A to B doing bird things. How insects will be able to swarm or not. What the shadows be like for humans on land with a sky thick with drones. The noise. What will the noise be like? Even if the drones fly high enough up to have noise not be a factor, eventually, they are going to have to land in the neighborhood 300+ times/vendor a day. Plus yanno, Sunday delivery.

'''PrimeAir, PolySocial Reality (PoSR) and Thing Theory'''

Applin and Fischer have worked on [http://posr.org/wiki/Main_Page PolySocial Reality (PoSR)] as a way of defining and modelling messaging relationships between humans/humans, human/machines, and machines/machines. The outcomes of PoSR can be both brittle and fragmented or unified and connected, depending upon synchronicity levels and connections. We require situational synchronisation and connection for cooperation, which is the successful outcome that humans need to survive.

PoSR examines what happens in a multiple, multiplexed, messaged world. Amazon drones and the system that they will need to operate within will have a high propensity for error, for missed messages, and thus a high likelihood for poor-to-no interaction with other drones from other vendors or owners. It's going to be a flat out mess.

Applin and Fischer suggest [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf Thing Theory] as a way for trusted agents to broker complex messaging with PoSR and we currently have a paper out for review that discusses how Thing agents can work with connected and autonomous vehicles.

Drones are just another addition to and instance of PoSR. They will need to be included in the system for communication to succeed and for cooperation to be achieved.

'''Subsuming the Commons'''

With this drone service, it appears that Amazon may be aiming to take over public airspace (a shared human resource) and exploit it for their commercial gains.

Amazon has already diverted many states of much needed sales tax that is used to maintain government services. Now that there are less resources to enforce laws within the commons and local governments are desperate for money to support their decaying infrastructure, Amazon can swoop in (literally) and make deals to provide "revenue" -- the very revenue they diverted from local government in the first place.

Amazon intends to dominate retail in the next decade. Own it. All pieces of it. There may simply be no choice but to receive shipments by drone.

'''Conclusion'''

Sometimes a cheap book delivered quickly, can be extraordinarily expensive.

Sally Applin 
December 2, 2013

PoSR and Burning Man

2021-04-16T22:18:03Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Burning Man as PoSR: a Dynamic Cultural Structure''' 
Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer 
September 8, 2013

The culture of Burning Man can't easily be generalized because Burning Man is a changing cultural structure. Every year, there are different experiences, different burns, different dynamics, and different people at Burning Man, and therefore the cultural dynamic of the event changes every year and from year to year. The broad cultural event of Burning Man may have a year-to-year framework, canonical knowledge and rituals for its physical persistence and like any group that large with many members, the only way to ensure some form of cultural continuity is to distill principles and transmit them, which Larry Harvey (Burning Man founder) did when he wrote the Ten Principles of Burning Man in 2004 as a guideline for regional events that is posted on the Burning Man website under the First-Timer's guide. That's just a tiny part of the cultural guidelines that are documented. There are lists of how tickets work, what to wear, take, how to prepare campsites, whether or not you can take video (you can't), what your theme camps should include (and not), and on and on. Burning Man may not have rules but it has strong guidelines that help to preserve its cultural definition while simultaneously keeping people safe.

That said, people do say that the culture changes. That it wasn't how it used to be. That "when they opened up the tickets to others" the dynamics changed. In 2013, people talked a lot about the presence of Silicon Valley's elite, helicoptering in and infusing their culture onto the event. Or even that there is more technology in the form of Internet and computers there than ever was there before and that that somehow is a negative thing.

What people may be missing when they say things like that last bit, is what the technology people are doing at Burning Man. If part of what Burning Man offers, is a blank desert 'canvas backdrop' to create and make art and music and things and experiences, people are going to bring the tools they know to use to make art and music and things and experiences. Coders are going to bring code, tech is going to bring tech, because that is what they do and that is where their creativity and creative tools are.

This is what we mean by a changing cultural structure. It makes sense that the tech people would be starting to show up now with more tools. We've tipped--we're in Forced Compliance now (Applin and Fischer 2011). We need to use the Internet for most things (like it or not) and there are people, whose favored mode of creative expression are through digital tools.

PolySocial Reality (PoSR) is a framework that can be used to describe the multiple layers of networks arising from intercommunications between people, people and machines and machines to machines, and how the structure and layering of those relationships change over time and examine how information flows across these. While PoSR is a framework for describing the network structure and dynamics emerging from these relationships, there are individual separate participant centric viewpoints on PoSR with each communication attempt--and the structure of PoSR overall changes as individuals adapt and adapt to the dynamics changing in the communication from their POV.

This is also true for Burning Man, which has a PoSR-like structure and dynamics. Each year, Burning Man is made up of a collection of people who come together at a particular time in a particular place, interact within existing groups (and networks) and across others. The culture of the event is derived from the composite of culture of these groups for that Burn. To say that each year is the same, after 20+ years of an event, isn't exactly accurate. Culture is dynamic and changes through processes like this, and thus each instance of Burning Man is an instantiation of Burning Man, as well as an instantiation of PoSR networks within an overall structure of relationships that form and dissolve in that place, only to pop-up in a distributed fashion the rest of the year as the event's participants migrate to other parts of the world and interact with other surfaces of a broader PoSR network.

AnthroPunk

2021-04-16T22:17:52Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[[File:Anthropunk-fixed.jpg]] 

Founded by [http://posr.org/wiki/PoSR_Authors Dr. Michael D. Fischer] and his research students, including [http://posr.org/wiki/PoSR_Authors Sally Applin].

"[http://www.anthropunk.com AnthroPunk] - how people promote, manage, resist and endure change; how people hack their lives (and those of others) - living the world not just in it. AnthroPunk is a new label for a number of older ways of conceptualising people and their constructions. Foremost, the individuation of people and their experiences and an explicit recognition that their lives are interactive, not driven by rules, scripts, schemata or frames, but by the creation of these. Context, like culture, is an outcome of human life, not the cause of it. Individual people collectively make the world around them, not only from the materials and ideas available to them but from new materials and ideas they construct. There are limits imposed by materials, but the application of ideas constantly transforms these into new possibilities, and new limits."

'''See our talk at Maker Faire 2011''': [http://fora.tv/2011/05/22/Sally_Applin_AnthroPunk#fullprogram Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - "AnthroPunk: Meta Making, Cuture Making, and the 'Making' of Making"]

'''Twitter''': [https://twitter.com/anthropunk @Anthropunk]

PoSR Colleagues

2021-04-16T22:17:44Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

[http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/cfp.html '''IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)''']

[http://www.dfki.de/web/kontakt/mitarbeiter?uid=tisc02 Dr. Tim Schwartz] and [http://www.dfki.de/web/kontakt/mitarbeiter?uid=geka01 Dr. Gerrit Kahl]

The LAMDa workshop aims to discuss the impact of Dual Reality and Mixed Reality on Location Awareness and other applications in Smart Environments. Virtual environments – which are an essential part of Dual and Mixed Realities – can be used to create new applications and to enhance already existing applications in the real world. On the other hand, existing sensors in the real world can be used to enhance the virtual world as well. The Kalman-filter can be seen as an example for this type of application: Sensor measurements in the real world are brought into the virtual world in form of a model that also describes the error distribution of the sensors. The virtual world is then used to make a prediction for the next measurement in the real world and both results – the prediction and the measurement – are used to refine the virtual world and to bring more accurate sensor measurements into the real world, usually in form of User Interfaces.
The main scope of this workshop is: How can the Dual Reality paradigm be combined with location awareness to achieve improvements for location-based and socially-aware services and other applications in smart environments?

'''Intelligent Systems Lab Amsterdam at University of Amsterdam'''

[http://staff.science.uva.nl/~bouwer/ Dr. Anders Bouwer] - LAMDa

• • • • • • •

'''University of Haifa - Caesarea Rothschild Institute for Interdisciplinary Applications of Computer Science'''

[http://www.cri.haifa.ac.il/cripeople/26-former-students/227-eyal-dim Eyal Dim] - LAMDa

• • • • • • •

'''Royal College of Art • Information Experience Design • School of Communications'''

[http://www.lkl.ac.uk/kevin Dr. Kevin Walker] - JITSO/ESRC Collaborator

• • • • • • •

'''Lightning Laboratories'''

[http://lightninglaboratories.com/about.html Gene Becker] - SXSW Talk Partner

• • • • • • •

'''Finely Cultured'''

[http://www.week.egd.im Eric Danielson] - Web Dev, tech support, encouragement

Forced Compliance

2021-04-16T22:17:35Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''''Forced Compliance'' - Applin, S.A. and Fischer, M.D. (2011)'''

"Forced Compliance" is the forfeit of agency we have for many things that we do within our daily lives that may be against our desires but are required to live in the groups that we choose to live in. Maybe people don't want to use computers, but so much of what they do requires it within their community system that computer use (not necessarily ownership yet, but usage) has become a "forced compliance" for daily behavior [1].

Many facets of modern life are beginning to be designed to require not only network connectivity, but also computer access. We refer to this as "Forced Compliance."
''Forced Compliance'' (Applin and Fischer) is a subset of what Fussel [2] describes (with regard to the self-adjusting baseball style cap) as being something that:

''... the buyer and user ... do the work formerly thought the obligation of the seller, who used to have to stock numerous sizes. It's like such other (prole) features of the contemporary scene as the jet plane and the supermarket, where convenience for the seller is disguised by publicity and fraud to pass for the convenience for the buyer. [2:70]''

This has been described in great detail first by Toffler [3], who coined the term “Prosumer,” and later by Kotler [4] who expanded on its application. Forced compliance differs from the idea of the prosumer in that it is concerned primarily with the process and lack of choice for a labor task; the notion being that due to certain structures (primarily the replacement of service staff in industry with algorithms), people are forced to go online to complete processes vital to their livelihoods.

For a prosumer, the choice upon the consumer whether or not to participate in the “labor process” is largely still available [4]. With forced compliance, there is no choice or alternate to processes that are only available online and must be engaged with. Thus, forced compliance shares a foundation with the prosumer, but differs in its lack of choice of experience for the individual. The only choice for the individual in having “forced labor” in forced compliance is when (within a time frame) that person is required to complete that labor task. Thus, they have some flexibility to do those processes asynchronously. It is the outcome from this lack of choice for labor for forced compliance that contributes, in part, to the adaptation of asynchronicity. The unintended consequence of complications from the asynchronicity that is created from the various configurations that emerge from, in part, this multiplexed behavior.

Refs:

1. Applin, S. Council Interview with Sally Applin. October 28, 2011. Online: http://www.theinternetofthings.eu/content/council-interview-sally-applin

2. Fussel, P. Class: A Guide Through the American Status System; Simon & Schuster Touchstone: New York, USA, 1983.

3. Toffler, A. Future Shock. William Morrow and Co: New York, USA, 1980.

4. Kotler, P. The Prosumer Movement: a New Challenge For Marketers. In Advances in Consumer Research 13, pp. 510-513. (ed.) Richard J. Lutz. Proceedings of the Association for Consumer Research: Provo, UT, 1986. Online: http://www.acrwebsite.org/search/view-conference-proceedings.aspx?Id=6542

Connected Individuation

2021-04-16T22:17:23Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''''Connected Individuation'' - Applin, S.A. and Fischer, M.D. (2011)'''

''Connected Individuation'' (Applin and Fischer) in communities refers to behavior that connects a person socially while simultaneously isolating them from their local spatial community.
We are not proposing a dualist model with increasingly divergent "realities." The connectivity could be with members of the local community who merely aren't immediately present. What we are trying to describe here is the phenomenon of people who are frequently and empirically connected to others...who just happen to not be in their immediate vicinity. This, together with assorted problems ranging from traffic and navigation on the streets and sidewalks, creates the individuation that is observed. We consider Connected Individualism to be a subset of "Networked Individualism," in that we share the notion of detached connectivity.

Rainie & Wellman [1] propose a "Networked Individualism" that arises from the introduction of networked social relations that weaken local social relations, while the individual has the opportunity to create alternative weak or strong social relationships online as they choose, and suggest that to a point, people will choose weaker relationships rather than stronger to gain more freedom. Our work suggests that ''Connected Individuation'' arises from weaker relationships, local or networked, that are a consequence of the formation through mobile networks of numerous, partially overlapping, social interactions, regardless of the individuals desires.

Illustrations of PoSR

2021-04-16T22:17:05Z

WikiSysop:

Presentations/Oral Papers/Articles

2021-04-16T22:16:45Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuaes.org/japan2014/index.shtml 2013 International Conference on Connected Vehicles & Expo: Industry Forums, Las Vegas, NV, Dec 2-6, 2013]

'''Panel:''' [http://edas.info/p16523#S1569480807 Industry Forum: Privacy, Security and Sociability]

'''Session:''' [http://edas.info/p16523 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Integrating Sociability into the Connected Vehicle Environment”]

'''Blog:''' PoSR.org, University of Kent, Canterbury, Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC)

'''Article:''' December 2, 2013, [http://posr.org/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Drones "The Amazon Drone Dream"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.aaanet.org/meetings/ The 112th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), Chicago, IL, November 20-24, 2013]

'''Session:''' [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2013/webprogrampreliminary/Session8210.html 4-0895 The Human Past and the Future of a Kinship Public]

'''Paper:''' [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2013/webprogrampreliminary/Paper26669.html Michael D. Fischer and Sally A. Applin “From Kinship to Facebook: Information Flows in Multi-Perspectual Networks”]

'''Blog:''' PoSR.org, University of Kent, Canterbury, Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing (CSAC)

'''Article:''' September 8, 2013, [http://posr.org/wiki/PoSR_and_Burning_Man "Burning Man as PoSR: a Dynamic Cultural Structure"]

'''Conference:''' [http://veillance.me/about/ 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS13) Toronto, Canada, June, 2013]

'''Session:''' Sousveillance | Surveillance

'''Abstract:''' [http://veillance.me/blog/2013/6/3/abstract-ieeeistas13-37 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper (Pre-pub Draft):''' [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper:''' [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6613129&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel7%2F6596466%2F6613092%2F06613129.pdf%3Farnumber%3D6613129 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Report:''' [http://www.netbiscuits.com/reports/reports-and-papers/the-peoples-web-report/ The People's Web Report - Netbiscuits/Bite London, June 2013]

'''Author:''' Sally A. Applin - Foreward/Conclusion and commentary on 5,000 person global mobile web study

'''Conference:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ Augmented World Expo, Santa Clara, CA, 4-5 June, 2013]

'''Session:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ai1ec_event/designing-user-experiences-for-reality/?instance_id=447 Designing Experiences for Augmented Reality]

'''Talk:''' [http://augmentedworldexpo.com/ai1ec_event/designing-user-experiences-for-reality/?instance_id=447 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Heads Up! Designing for PolySocial Reality and HMDs”]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.aag.org/cs/annualmeeting AAG 2013 - Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, 9-13 April, 2013]

'''Session:''' [http://meridian.aag.org/callforpapers/program/SessionDetail.cfm?SessionID=17529 3125#Geo/Code: Digital Society, AAG 2013, 11 April, 2013 - American Association of Geographers (AAG) Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, 2013.]

'''Paper:''' [http://meridian.aag.org/callforpapers/program/AbstractDetail.cfm?AbstractID=52911 Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Ways to Go: Agency and Heterogeneity in Geography”]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2013 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Santa Monica, CA, 19-22 March, 2013]

'''Session:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/program.html LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2013, 19 March 2013 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa'13)]

'''Paper:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

'''Conference:''' [http://jitso.org/jitso-2012/ First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology, Lausanne, Switzerland, December 4, 2012]

'''Program:''' JITSO 2012 will gather the most significant international researchers that try to understand social phenomena as they unfold, mining their digital traces.

'''Paper:''' Sally Applin, Michael Fischer and Kevin Walker - [http://jitso.org/2012/12/03/visualising-polysocial-reality-revised/ “Visualizing PolySocial Reality”]

'''Conference:''' [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2012/webprogram/Session7036.html The 111th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), San Francisco, CA, November 14-18, 2012]

'''Session:''' Online, Social, and Individual Spaces: Crossing Borders and Delimiting Life Frameworks

'''Paper:''' Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Everybody is Talking to Each other Without Talking to Each Other: PolySocial Reality and Asynchronous Adaptation”

'''Conference:''' [http://sociomobile.org/mobile2012/ ICA Pre-Conference Workshop: Mobile Communication, Community and Locative Media, Phoenix, AZ, May 2012]

'''Session:''' [http://sociomobile.org/mobile2012/program2.html Panel #8: Mobile Spatialities]

'''Paper:''' PolySocial Reality and Connected Individuation in Communities • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Conference:''' [http://www.cyborgology.org/theorizingtheweb/index.html Theorizing the Web (TtW2012), College Park, MD, April 2012]

'''Session:''' [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/04/06/ttw2012-panel-spotlight-augmented-reality/ Augmented Reality: Intersecting Atoms and Bits]

'''Paper:''' PolySocial Reality: Augmentation and Experience • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Blog:''' Cyborgology, University of Maryland, Department of Sociology

'''Article:''' April 10, 2012, [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/04/10/google-glasses-heads-up/ "Google Glasses? Heads Up!"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2012.html SfAA 2012, Bays, Boundaries, and Borders, Baltimore, MD, March 31, 2011]

'''Session:''' [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2012/sfaa2012finalprogram.pdf Digital and Virtual Communities]

'''Paper:''' Blurry Borders and Blended Boundaries: PolySocial Reality and Individuated Communities • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Conference:''' [http://sxsw.com SXSW, 9-13 March 2012]

'''Session:''' [http://schedule.sxsw.com/2012/events/event_IAP11546 Culture, Science and Play, March 13, 12:30-1:30, Driskill Ballroom]

'''Panel:''' [http://schedule.sxsw.com/2012/events/event_IAP11546 PolySocial Reality and the Enspirited World] • Sally A. Applin and Gene Becker

'''Blog:''' Cyborgology, University of Maryland, Department of Sociology

'''Article:''' March 1, 2012, [http://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2012/03/01/connected-car-becoming-the-cyborg-chauffeur/ "The Connected cAR: Becoming the Cyborg Chauffeur"]

'''Conference:''' [http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2012 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Lisbon, Portugal, 13-16 February 2012]

'''Session:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/program.html LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2012, February 2012 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)]

'''Paper:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2012/accepted/PolySocial_Reality.pdf PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Conference:''' [http://aaa.confex.com/aaa/2011/webprogrampreliminary/meeting.html#2011-11-17 The 110th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), Montreal, Canada, November 16-20, 2011]

'''Session:''' The Confluence of Virtual and Real: Tidemarks of Change in the Evolution of Social Life

'''Paper:''' The Data Tide is High and We're Holding On....to Our Mobile Phones • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer (paper accepted, unable to attend due to illness.)

'''Conference:''' [http://intelligentenvironments.org/conferences/ie11 The 7th Annual Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'11), Nottingham, UK, July, 2011]

'''Paper:''' [http://anthropunk.com/Files/Applin_Fischer_PervasiveComputingInTimeAndSpace.pdf Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration] • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Conference:''' [http://augmentedrealityevent.com/, Augmented Reality Event - ARE2011, San Jose, CA, May 2011]

'''Panel:''' [http://www.slideshare.net/SallyApplin/ar-and-social-and-sensors-oh-my-augmented-reality-event-are2011-presentation AR and Social and Sensors, Oh My!] • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Paper:''' Come On, Do the Geolocomotion: Anthropological Context Goes Geospatial • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Conference:''' [http://www.sfaa.net/sfaa2011.html SfAA 2011, Expanding the Influence of Applied Social Science, Seattle, WA, March 30, 2011]

'''Paper:''' [http://www.theinternetofthings.eu/sites/default/files/Rob%20van%20Kranenburg/ACulturalPerspective.pdf A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer

'''Conference:'''[http://www.iuiconf.org/index.html IUI 2011 - Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces - Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA | 13-16 February 2011]

'''Session:''' [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/ LAMDa Workshop, IUI 2011, February 2011 - IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)]

'''Complete Proceedings:''' [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1943509 IUI '11 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces]

'''Conference:''' OneSpace 2010

'''Session:''' [http://onespace.kmi.open.ac.uk/2010/ Third International Workshop on Blending Physical and Digital Spaces on the Internet - 20.09.20]

'''Paper:''' Relatively Speaking: The Cultural Logic of Mobility in Space and Time • Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - (paper accepted, workshop cancelled.)

Videos

2021-04-16T22:16:36Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

'''Talk:''' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTCT-fI5XFA Augmented World Expo (AWE 2013) June 5, 2013 - Awe.tv Interview with Sally Applin, Ph.D. Candidate and University of Kent, Canterbury]

The Point of PoSR

2021-04-16T22:16:22Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

PoSR was developed to better represent and understand increasingly heterogenous social contexts and relations between people that seemed to arise from increased use of mobile communications combined with existing forms of communications. PoSR can be used to understand how messages that people create independently have related properties.

In other words, different types of behavior that may sometimes seem unrelated can be associated together.

PoSR can help to claify emerging social behavior better by revealing the emergent properties of heterogeneity, multiplexing, multiplicity, asynchronicity and synchronicity in relation to overlapping and partially overlapping social networks.

For the past few years, Applin and Fischer have been examining the impact of ‘digital’ and ‘mobile’ augmentations based on a framework comprised of polysocial networks; the abstract networks representing the union of all instantiable networks for each person in an aggregate; and the instantiation of a subset of these in a given context, which we have called PolySocial Reality. In terms of intersectionality, each person represents a perspectual intersection of many potential resources for information and interaction, only some of which can be instantiated in a given instance, considering constraints of time, cognitive capacity, and mutual exclusion. In past augmentations the changes in polysocial networks and the exercise of agency in instantiating these in different contexts have eventually been resolved in widespread practices that become regarded as ‘cultural’.

[http://posr.org/wiki/Publications Our papers on PolySocial Reality (PoSR)]

PolySocial Networks (PoSN)

2021-04-16T22:16:12Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

PolySocial Networks (PoSN) are the abstract networks representing the union of all instantiable networks for each person in an aggregate. The instantiation of a subset of these in a given context we call PolySocial Reality (PoSR). Each person in the network possesses a perspectual intersection of many potential resources for information and interaction, only some of which can be instantiated in a given instance, considering constraints of time, cognitive capacity, and mutual exclusion.

Multigraphs support one of the aspects of PoSN/PoSR: the multiplicity of different relations that may underly multiple intersecting social networks. Gjoka, et al (2011) propose a promising approach to this problem based on multigraphs: graphs whose vertices may be connected by more than one edge. Because of the multiplicity of edges, each type representing a different context for social relations, a projected multigraph will be more likely to have a higher degree of connectivity. (See Fig. 1)

[[File:graph02b.png]] 

Fig. 1. Multigraph integrating two networks. 

Combining multigraphs with metagraphs (Basu and Blanning, 1992) appears a reasonable initial mathematical representation for an exploration of PoSR through the analysis of trails and aggregated trails. A metagraph is a graph where vertices are sets, and edges are connections between sets (see Fig. 2). A multigraph that is also a metagraph permits us, at least, to represent the data in a form that is interoperative and can be converted into different forms such as matricies, XML or relational data suitable for online analytic tools for which a range of algorithms for methods of analysis have been established.

[[File:graph041.png]]

Fig. 2. Multi-Metagraph.

Main Page

2021-04-16T22:15:58Z

WikiSysop:

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

{{DISPLAYTITLE:PolySocial Reality: You're Soaking in It!}}

'''What is PolySocial Reality (PoSR)?'''

PolySocial Reality (PoSR) (Applin and Fischer 2011) is a model that describes the condition of information flowing in a system in multiple ways at multiple times and how people, software, and machines act on it (or not). PoSR examines all messages: Human/Human, Human/Machine, Machine/Machine. People and things act on information at the same (synchronous) or different (asynchronous) times. This creates different outcomes such as a lack of understanding, or partial understanding which can lead to more messages needing to be created or messages not being received as well as sociability though mediated devices at the expense of the local locale. These conditions can lead to a lack of cooperation. We are dependent on each other to maintain many complex systems for food, energy, water, etc.. We need to communicate well in order to cooperate and survive. PoSR looks at the aggregate of all of the information in the messaging system, digital and analog.

Formally, PolySocial Reality (PoSR) describes the multiple, sometimes overlapping, network transaction spaces that people traverse synchronously and asynchronously with others to maintain and use social relationships and systems; a conceptual model for the global interaction context within which people experience social interactions whether immediate or mediated by technology. PoSR defines relations across the aggregate of all the experienced ‘locations’ and ‘communications’ of and between all individual people, people/machines and machines/machines (as well as animals/people and animals/machines) in multiple networks and/or locales at the same or different times. PoSR is based upon the core concept that dynamic relational structures emerge from the aggregate of multiplexed asynchronous or synchronous data creations of all individuals within the domain of networked, non-networked, and/or local experiences.

[http://posr.org/wiki/Publications '''ALL papers''' on PolySocial Reality (PoSR)]

'''Twitter:''' [http://www.twitter.com/anthropunk @AnthroPunk]

'''NEW! Paper:''' April 2016 [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines]

'''NEW! Paper:''' March 2016 [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace]

'''NEW! Paper:''' November 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other]

'''NEW! Paper:''' April 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications]

'''NEW! Paper:''' March 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car]

'''NEW! Paper:''' March 2, 2015 [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes]

'''Article:''' Dec. 2013: [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions"]

'''Paper:''' June 29, 2013: [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me. Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper:''' March 19, 2013: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]

Publications

2021-04-16T22:15:44Z

WikiSysop:

__NOTOC__

Papers in order of date published '''LATEST''' to '''EARLIEST''':''

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2021 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

== 17) [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons] ==

In this paper, we examine the ethical implications of Facebook's Project Aria research pilot through the perspectives of Responsible Innovation, comparing both existing understandings of Responsible Research and Innovation and Facebook's own Responsible Innovation Principles; we contextualise Project Aria within the Commons through applying current social multi-dimensional communications theory to understand the extensive socio-technological implications of Project Aria within society and culture; and we address the potentially serious consequences of the Facebook Project Aria experiment, inspiring countless other companies to shift their focus to compete with Project Aria, or beat it to the consumer marketplace.

[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010/ Journal of Responsible Technology, Vol. 5 Date: May 2021]

== 16) [http://posr.org/w/images/c/cb/Applin_S_AV_Ethics.pdf Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: Stock or Custom?] ==

The development of Autonomous Vehicles has neglected to include a discussion of culture, both the culture in which Autonomous Vehicles are developed, as well as the culture that Autonomous Vehicles will be deployed within. I examine the necessity of considering culture in Autonomous Vehicles and whether it will be a stock, standard model, or customized for various global cultures.

Pre-Pub Draft of [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7948873/ IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue 3, Date: July 2017 (06/14/2017), pp. 108-110]

== 15) [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines] ==

From a messaging structure that is complex, multiplexed and much of the time asynchronous, conditions emerge that disrupt symmetry of information exchange. People thus encounter circumstances that seem unpredictable given the information available to them, resulting in limited or failed cooperation and consequent quality of outcomes. We explore the role of Social Machines to support, change, and enhance human cooperation within a blended reality context.

[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2890591 The 4th International Workshop on the Theory and Practice of Social Machines (SOCM 2016) Observing social machines on the Web. April 11, 2016, Montreal, Canada]

== 14) [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace] ==

Cooperation is disrupted when people are bound by scripts, processes and algorithms that are inflexible and restrict their agency to solve problems and complete tasks. We suggest increasing trust in humans as a management strategy to foster cooperation with analog and digital algorithms, and productions in the workplace.

[https://algorithmsatwork.wordpress.com/workshop-proposal/ The 19th ACM conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW). February 27–March 2, 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA Workshop on "Algorithms at Work"]

== 13) [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other] ==

We examine the current state of 'mixed-use' new technologies integration with legacy systems, and whether the human assistance required to complete tasks and processes could function as a training ground for future smart systems, or whether increasing 'co-dependence with' or 'training of' algorithmic systems, enhancing task completion and inadvertently educating systems in human behaviour and intelligence, will simply subsume people into the algorithmic landscape.

[http://www.istas2015.org/home/ 21st IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 2015), Dublin, Ireland, November 11–12, 2015]

== 12) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7310907 Extending Driver-Vehicle Interface Research Into the Mobile Device Commons: Transitioning to (nondriving) passengers and their vehicles] ==

When humans, as passengers in semiautomated or automated vehicles, are no longer directly responsible for human-human/interpersonal communication and negotiation, new interactive paradigms must be considered and designed to protect people in manually controlled cars and VRUs within shared road space. Thus, automotive user interface research must also formally extend outward to include intervehicular interaction rather than being limited to the mainly intravehicular environment, as is the present case. In this article, we will examine broader issues of user interface (UI) consistency in vehicular contexts and present recommendations for future automotive UI research.

IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 4, Date: Oct. 2015 (10/2015), pp. 101-106

== 11) [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications] ==

At the moment, AR is based on fixed navigational pathways and single narratives without regard for broader context or history. We encourage UE development for AR to provide environments for sociability, shared stories, and shared experiences.

[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7084768&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D7084768 IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Date: April 2015]

== 10) [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car] ==

In this article, we explore the impact of discontinuities within PoSR as we examine the next layer of integration of the automobile as a communications device in society. In particular, we explore the need to develop software for the social automobile that encapsulates a concept of agency on the part of drivers and other automobiles.

[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7064858&filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A7064851%29 IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 34, Issue 1, Date: spring 2015]

== 9) [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes] ==

Rather than inserting robots into environments simply to complete pre-programmed tasks, we suggest that robots will function most
successfully as cooperative partners with humans in environments where they are required. We examine Rethink Robotics' Baxter robot as an excellent example of a cooperative robot.

10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. Workshop on The Emerging Policy and Ethics of Human Robot Interaction, Mar 2, 2015, Portland, OR, USA

== 8) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions] ==

In this article we explore how multiplexed networked individuated communications are creating new contexts for human behavior within communities, particularly noting the shift from synchronous to asynchronous communication as an adaptation.

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 32, Issue 4, Date: winter 2013

== 7) [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)] ==

We explore the use of Thing Theory to implement a partial means of implementing mutual surveillance between management and workers to increase human agency while developing more adaptive and efficient business processes.

IEEE Conference on International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 13)
Toronto, Canada, June 2013

== 6) [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments] ==

We explore how PolySocial Reality (PoSR), a framework for representing how people, devices and communication technologies interrelate, can be applied to developing use cases within integrated IoT and Smart Environment paradigms, giving special consideration to the nature of location-aware messaging from sensors, and the resultant data collection.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2013)
IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)
Santa Monica, CA, March 2013

== 5) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140207061427/http://jitso.org/2012/12/03/visualising-polysocial-reality-revised/ Visualizing PolySocial Reality] ==

We intend to use PoSR to describe and analyse principles underlying instantiations of the emergent ‘network’ comprised by the union of all individual networks, such that patterns in an overall graph representing these can be identified, node-centric projections examined, and sub-graphs compared.

First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology (JITSO 2012)
Lausanne, December 2012

== 4) [http://posr.org/w/images/a/a5/Applin_Fischer_AutoUI_2012_DRAFT.pdf Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles] ==

We explore the transition to greater sociability concerning automobiles in the context of communications being more fully integrated into their systems. In particular, we examine the consequences of the emergent network that results from interaction between cars, drivers, passengers, pedestrians and locations.

[http://www.auto-ui.org/12/docs/AutomotiveUI-2012-Adjunct-Proceedings.pdf Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications] (AutomotiveUI '12)
Automotive UI 2012 Workshop on The Social Car (socially-inspired C2X interaction)
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, October 2012 Frame pp. 163-167, actual document pp. 153-156 

== 3) [http://posr.org/w/images/8/87/Applin_Fischer_PolySocialRealityProspectsforExtendingUserExperiencesBeyondMixedDualandBlendedReality_LAMDa_2012a.pdf PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] ==

We discuss ways that developers can use PolySocial Reality (PoSR) to represent a more complete complex structural model of individuals interacting within multiple environments.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2012)
IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)
Lisbon, February 2012

== 2) [http://anthropunk.com/download/Main/WebHome/Applin%20and%20Fischer%20-%202011%20-%20Pervasive%20Computing%20in%20Time%20and%20Space%20The%20Culture.pdf Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration] ==

We consider some possible broad changes that may impact society as a whole as a result of widespread integration of full-spectrum deployed pervasive computing technologies. Our approach considers design challenges for successfully developing and integrating pervasive technologies into culture and society.

IEEE 7th Annual Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'11)
Workshop A3: User modelling and Social Perspectives
Nottingham, UK, July, 2011

== 1) [http://posr.org/w/images/f/f6/Applin_Fischer_ACulturalPerspectiveOnMixedDualAndBlendedReality_LAMDa_2011a.pdf A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] ==

This paper is an anthropological perspective on the impact of Dual, Mixed Reality and 'PolySocial Reality' (PoSR) on Location Awareness and other applications in Smart Environments.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2011) • IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa) • Palo Alto, 13 February 2011

Publications

2021-04-16T20:40:34Z

WikiSysop: /* 17) Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons */

__NOTOC__

Papers in order of date published '''LATEST''' to '''EARLIEST''':''

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2017 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

== 17) [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons] ==

In this paper, we examine the ethical implications of Facebook's Project Aria research pilot through the perspectives of Responsible Innovation, comparing both existing understandings of Responsible Research and Innovation and Facebook's own Responsible Innovation Principles; we contextualise Project Aria within the Commons through applying current social multi-dimensional communications theory to understand the extensive socio-technological implications of Project Aria within society and culture; and we address the potentially serious consequences of the Facebook Project Aria experiment, inspiring countless other companies to shift their focus to compete with Project Aria, or beat it to the consumer marketplace.

[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010/ Journal of Responsible Technology, Vol. 5 Date: May 2021]

== 16) [http://posr.org/w/images/c/cb/Applin_S_AV_Ethics.pdf Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: Stock or Custom?] ==

The development of Autonomous Vehicles has neglected to include a discussion of culture, both the culture in which Autonomous Vehicles are developed, as well as the culture that Autonomous Vehicles will be deployed within. I examine the necessity of considering culture in Autonomous Vehicles and whether it will be a stock, standard model, or customized for various global cultures.

Pre-Pub Draft of [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7948873/ IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue 3, Date: July 2017 (06/14/2017), pp. 108-110]

== 15) [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines] ==

From a messaging structure that is complex, multiplexed and much of the time asynchronous, conditions emerge that disrupt symmetry of information exchange. People thus encounter circumstances that seem unpredictable given the information available to them, resulting in limited or failed cooperation and consequent quality of outcomes. We explore the role of Social Machines to support, change, and enhance human cooperation within a blended reality context.

[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2890591 The 4th International Workshop on the Theory and Practice of Social Machines (SOCM 2016) Observing social machines on the Web. April 11, 2016, Montreal, Canada]

== 14) [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace] ==

Cooperation is disrupted when people are bound by scripts, processes and algorithms that are inflexible and restrict their agency to solve problems and complete tasks. We suggest increasing trust in humans as a management strategy to foster cooperation with analog and digital algorithms, and productions in the workplace.

[https://algorithmsatwork.wordpress.com/workshop-proposal/ The 19th ACM conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW). February 27–March 2, 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA Workshop on "Algorithms at Work"]

== 13) [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other] ==

We examine the current state of 'mixed-use' new technologies integration with legacy systems, and whether the human assistance required to complete tasks and processes could function as a training ground for future smart systems, or whether increasing 'co-dependence with' or 'training of' algorithmic systems, enhancing task completion and inadvertently educating systems in human behaviour and intelligence, will simply subsume people into the algorithmic landscape.

[http://www.istas2015.org/home/ 21st IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 2015), Dublin, Ireland, November 11–12, 2015]

== 12) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7310907 Extending Driver-Vehicle Interface Research Into the Mobile Device Commons: Transitioning to (nondriving) passengers and their vehicles] ==

When humans, as passengers in semiautomated or automated vehicles, are no longer directly responsible for human-human/interpersonal communication and negotiation, new interactive paradigms must be considered and designed to protect people in manually controlled cars and VRUs within shared road space. Thus, automotive user interface research must also formally extend outward to include intervehicular interaction rather than being limited to the mainly intravehicular environment, as is the present case. In this article, we will examine broader issues of user interface (UI) consistency in vehicular contexts and present recommendations for future automotive UI research.

IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 4, Date: Oct. 2015 (10/2015), pp. 101-106

== 11) [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications] ==

At the moment, AR is based on fixed navigational pathways and single narratives without regard for broader context or history. We encourage UE development for AR to provide environments for sociability, shared stories, and shared experiences.

[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7084768&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D7084768 IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Date: April 2015]

== 10) [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car] ==

In this article, we explore the impact of discontinuities within PoSR as we examine the next layer of integration of the automobile as a communications device in society. In particular, we explore the need to develop software for the social automobile that encapsulates a concept of agency on the part of drivers and other automobiles.

[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7064858&filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A7064851%29 IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 34, Issue 1, Date: spring 2015]

== 9) [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes] ==

Rather than inserting robots into environments simply to complete pre-programmed tasks, we suggest that robots will function most
successfully as cooperative partners with humans in environments where they are required. We examine Rethink Robotics' Baxter robot as an excellent example of a cooperative robot.

10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. Workshop on The Emerging Policy and Ethics of Human Robot Interaction, Mar 2, 2015, Portland, OR, USA

== 8) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions] ==

In this article we explore how multiplexed networked individuated communications are creating new contexts for human behavior within communities, particularly noting the shift from synchronous to asynchronous communication as an adaptation.

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 32, Issue 4, Date: winter 2013

== 7) [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)] ==

We explore the use of Thing Theory to implement a partial means of implementing mutual surveillance between management and workers to increase human agency while developing more adaptive and efficient business processes.

IEEE Conference on International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 13)
Toronto, Canada, June 2013

== 6) [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments] ==

We explore how PolySocial Reality (PoSR), a framework for representing how people, devices and communication technologies interrelate, can be applied to developing use cases within integrated IoT and Smart Environment paradigms, giving special consideration to the nature of location-aware messaging from sensors, and the resultant data collection.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2013)
IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)
Santa Monica, CA, March 2013

== 5) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140207061427/http://jitso.org/2012/12/03/visualising-polysocial-reality-revised/ Visualizing PolySocial Reality] ==

We intend to use PoSR to describe and analyse principles underlying instantiations of the emergent ‘network’ comprised by the union of all individual networks, such that patterns in an overall graph representing these can be identified, node-centric projections examined, and sub-graphs compared.

First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology (JITSO 2012)
Lausanne, December 2012

== 4) [http://posr.org/w/images/a/a5/Applin_Fischer_AutoUI_2012_DRAFT.pdf Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles] ==

We explore the transition to greater sociability concerning automobiles in the context of communications being more fully integrated into their systems. In particular, we examine the consequences of the emergent network that results from interaction between cars, drivers, passengers, pedestrians and locations.

[http://www.auto-ui.org/12/docs/AutomotiveUI-2012-Adjunct-Proceedings.pdf Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications] (AutomotiveUI '12)
Automotive UI 2012 Workshop on The Social Car (socially-inspired C2X interaction)
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, October 2012 Frame pp. 163-167, actual document pp. 153-156 

== 3) [http://posr.org/w/images/8/87/Applin_Fischer_PolySocialRealityProspectsforExtendingUserExperiencesBeyondMixedDualandBlendedReality_LAMDa_2012a.pdf PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] ==

We discuss ways that developers can use PolySocial Reality (PoSR) to represent a more complete complex structural model of individuals interacting within multiple environments.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2012)
IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)
Lisbon, February 2012

== 2) [http://anthropunk.com/download/Main/WebHome/Applin%20and%20Fischer%20-%202011%20-%20Pervasive%20Computing%20in%20Time%20and%20Space%20The%20Culture.pdf Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration] ==

We consider some possible broad changes that may impact society as a whole as a result of widespread integration of full-spectrum deployed pervasive computing technologies. Our approach considers design challenges for successfully developing and integrating pervasive technologies into culture and society.

IEEE 7th Annual Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'11)
Workshop A3: User modelling and Social Perspectives
Nottingham, UK, July, 2011

== 1) [http://posr.org/w/images/f/f6/Applin_Fischer_ACulturalPerspectiveOnMixedDualAndBlendedReality_LAMDa_2011a.pdf A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] ==

This paper is an anthropological perspective on the impact of Dual, Mixed Reality and 'PolySocial Reality' (PoSR) on Location Awareness and other applications in Smart Environments.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2011) • IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa) • Palo Alto, 13 February 2011

Publications

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Papers in order of date published '''LATEST''' to '''EARLIEST''':''

'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2017 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

== 17) [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010 Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons] ==

In this paper, we examine the ethical implications of Facebook's Project Aria research pilot through the perspectives of Responsible Innovation, comparing both existing understandings of Responsible Research and Innovation and Facebook's own Responsible Innovation Principles; we contextualise Project Aria within the Commons through applying current social multi-dimensional communications theory to understand the extensive socio-technological implications of Project Aria within society and culture; and we address the potentially serious consequences of the Facebook Project Aria experiment, inspiring countless other companies to shift their focus to compete with Project Aria, or beat it to the consumer marketplace.

[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100010/ Journal of Responsible Technology, Vol. 5 Date: May 2021, Open Access]

== 16) [http://posr.org/w/images/c/cb/Applin_S_AV_Ethics.pdf Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: Stock or Custom?] ==

The development of Autonomous Vehicles has neglected to include a discussion of culture, both the culture in which Autonomous Vehicles are developed, as well as the culture that Autonomous Vehicles will be deployed within. I examine the necessity of considering culture in Autonomous Vehicles and whether it will be a stock, standard model, or customized for various global cultures.

Pre-Pub Draft of [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7948873/ IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue 3, Date: July 2017 (06/14/2017), pp. 108-110]

== 15) [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines] ==

From a messaging structure that is complex, multiplexed and much of the time asynchronous, conditions emerge that disrupt symmetry of information exchange. People thus encounter circumstances that seem unpredictable given the information available to them, resulting in limited or failed cooperation and consequent quality of outcomes. We explore the role of Social Machines to support, change, and enhance human cooperation within a blended reality context.

[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2890591 The 4th International Workshop on the Theory and Practice of Social Machines (SOCM 2016) Observing social machines on the Web. April 11, 2016, Montreal, Canada]

== 14) [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace] ==

Cooperation is disrupted when people are bound by scripts, processes and algorithms that are inflexible and restrict their agency to solve problems and complete tasks. We suggest increasing trust in humans as a management strategy to foster cooperation with analog and digital algorithms, and productions in the workplace.

[https://algorithmsatwork.wordpress.com/workshop-proposal/ The 19th ACM conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW). February 27–March 2, 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA Workshop on "Algorithms at Work"]

== 13) [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other] ==

We examine the current state of 'mixed-use' new technologies integration with legacy systems, and whether the human assistance required to complete tasks and processes could function as a training ground for future smart systems, or whether increasing 'co-dependence with' or 'training of' algorithmic systems, enhancing task completion and inadvertently educating systems in human behaviour and intelligence, will simply subsume people into the algorithmic landscape.

[http://www.istas2015.org/home/ 21st IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 2015), Dublin, Ireland, November 11–12, 2015]

== 12) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7310907 Extending Driver-Vehicle Interface Research Into the Mobile Device Commons: Transitioning to (nondriving) passengers and their vehicles] ==

When humans, as passengers in semiautomated or automated vehicles, are no longer directly responsible for human-human/interpersonal communication and negotiation, new interactive paradigms must be considered and designed to protect people in manually controlled cars and VRUs within shared road space. Thus, automotive user interface research must also formally extend outward to include intervehicular interaction rather than being limited to the mainly intravehicular environment, as is the present case. In this article, we will examine broader issues of user interface (UI) consistency in vehicular contexts and present recommendations for future automotive UI research.

IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 4, Date: Oct. 2015 (10/2015), pp. 101-106

== 11) [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications] ==

At the moment, AR is based on fixed navigational pathways and single narratives without regard for broader context or history. We encourage UE development for AR to provide environments for sociability, shared stories, and shared experiences.

[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7084768&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D7084768 IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Date: April 2015]

== 10) [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car] ==

In this article, we explore the impact of discontinuities within PoSR as we examine the next layer of integration of the automobile as a communications device in society. In particular, we explore the need to develop software for the social automobile that encapsulates a concept of agency on the part of drivers and other automobiles.

[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7064858&filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A7064851%29 IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 34, Issue 1, Date: spring 2015]

== 9) [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes] ==

Rather than inserting robots into environments simply to complete pre-programmed tasks, we suggest that robots will function most
successfully as cooperative partners with humans in environments where they are required. We examine Rethink Robotics' Baxter robot as an excellent example of a cooperative robot.

10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. Workshop on The Emerging Policy and Ethics of Human Robot Interaction, Mar 2, 2015, Portland, OR, USA

== 8) [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions] ==

In this article we explore how multiplexed networked individuated communications are creating new contexts for human behavior within communities, particularly noting the shift from synchronous to asynchronous communication as an adaptation.

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 32, Issue 4, Date: winter 2013

== 7) [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)] ==

We explore the use of Thing Theory to implement a partial means of implementing mutual surveillance between management and workers to increase human agency while developing more adaptive and efficient business processes.

IEEE Conference on International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 13)
Toronto, Canada, June 2013

== 6) [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e7/Applin_Fischer_ThingTheoryConnectingHumanstoLocationAwareSmartEnvironments_LAMDa13.pdf Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments] ==

We explore how PolySocial Reality (PoSR), a framework for representing how people, devices and communication technologies interrelate, can be applied to developing use cases within integrated IoT and Smart Environment paradigms, giving special consideration to the nature of location-aware messaging from sensors, and the resultant data collection.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2013)
IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)
Santa Monica, CA, March 2013

== 5) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140207061427/http://jitso.org/2012/12/03/visualising-polysocial-reality-revised/ Visualizing PolySocial Reality] ==

We intend to use PoSR to describe and analyse principles underlying instantiations of the emergent ‘network’ comprised by the union of all individual networks, such that patterns in an overall graph representing these can be identified, node-centric projections examined, and sub-graphs compared.

First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology (JITSO 2012)
Lausanne, December 2012

== 4) [http://posr.org/w/images/a/a5/Applin_Fischer_AutoUI_2012_DRAFT.pdf Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles] ==

We explore the transition to greater sociability concerning automobiles in the context of communications being more fully integrated into their systems. In particular, we examine the consequences of the emergent network that results from interaction between cars, drivers, passengers, pedestrians and locations.

[http://www.auto-ui.org/12/docs/AutomotiveUI-2012-Adjunct-Proceedings.pdf Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications] (AutomotiveUI '12)
Automotive UI 2012 Workshop on The Social Car (socially-inspired C2X interaction)
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, October 2012 Frame pp. 163-167, actual document pp. 153-156 

== 3) [http://posr.org/w/images/8/87/Applin_Fischer_PolySocialRealityProspectsforExtendingUserExperiencesBeyondMixedDualandBlendedReality_LAMDa_2012a.pdf PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] ==

We discuss ways that developers can use PolySocial Reality (PoSR) to represent a more complete complex structural model of individuals interacting within multiple environments.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2012)
IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa)
Lisbon, February 2012

== 2) [http://anthropunk.com/download/Main/WebHome/Applin%20and%20Fischer%20-%202011%20-%20Pervasive%20Computing%20in%20Time%20and%20Space%20The%20Culture.pdf Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration] ==

We consider some possible broad changes that may impact society as a whole as a result of widespread integration of full-spectrum deployed pervasive computing technologies. Our approach considers design challenges for successfully developing and integrating pervasive technologies into culture and society.

IEEE 7th Annual Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'11)
Workshop A3: User modelling and Social Perspectives
Nottingham, UK, July, 2011

== 1) [http://posr.org/w/images/f/f6/Applin_Fischer_ACulturalPerspectiveOnMixedDualAndBlendedReality_LAMDa_2011a.pdf A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality] ==

This paper is an anthropological perspective on the impact of Dual, Mixed Reality and 'PolySocial Reality' (PoSR) on Location Awareness and other applications in Smart Environments.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2011) • IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa) • Palo Alto, 13 February 2011

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Main Page

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'''THIS MATERIAL ©2008–2017 SALLY A. APPLIN AND MICHAEL D. FISCHER. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.'''

{{DISPLAYTITLE:PolySocial Reality: You're Soaking in It!}}

'''What is PolySocial Reality (PoSR)?'''

PolySocial Reality (PoSR) (Applin and Fischer 2011) is a model that describes the condition of information flowing in a system in multiple ways at multiple times and how people, software, and machines act on it (or not). PoSR examines all messages: Human/Human, Human/Machine, Machine/Machine. People and things act on information at the same (synchronous) or different (asynchronous) times. This creates different outcomes such as a lack of understanding, or partial understanding which can lead to more messages needing to be created or messages not being received as well as sociability though mediated devices at the expense of the local locale. These conditions can lead to a lack of cooperation. We are dependent on each other to maintain many complex systems for food, energy, water, etc.. We need to communicate well in order to cooperate and survive. PoSR looks at the aggregate of all of the information in the messaging system, digital and analog.

Formally, PolySocial Reality (PoSR) describes the multiple, sometimes overlapping, network transaction spaces that people traverse synchronously and asynchronously with others to maintain and use social relationships and systems; a conceptual model for the global interaction context within which people experience social interactions whether immediate or mediated by technology. PoSR defines relations across the aggregate of all the experienced ‘locations’ and ‘communications’ of and between all individual people, people/machines and machines/machines (as well as animals/people and animals/machines) in multiple networks and/or locales at the same or different times. PoSR is based upon the core concept that dynamic relational structures emerge from the aggregate of multiplexed asynchronous or synchronous data creations of all individuals within the domain of networked, non-networked, and/or local experiences.

[http://posr.org/wiki/Publications '''ALL papers''' on PolySocial Reality (PoSR)]

'''Twitter:''' [http://www.twitter.com/anthropunk @AnthroPunk]

'''NEW! Paper:''' April 2016 [http://gdac.uqam.ca/WWW2016-Proceedings/companion/p765.pdf Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines]

'''NEW! Paper:''' March 2016 [https://algorithmsatwork.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/applin_fischer_cscw_final_02_19_2016-copy.pdf Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace]

'''NEW! Paper:''' November 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/b/b5/Applin_Fischer_IEEE_ISTAS_2015_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other]

'''NEW! Paper:''' April 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/3/30/Applin_Fischer_AR_IEEE_DRAFT.pdf Toward a Multiuser Social Augmented Reality Experience: Shared Pathway Experiences via Multichannel Applications]

'''NEW! Paper:''' March 2015 [http://posr.org/w/images/e/e1/Applin_Fischer_Auto_2015.pdf Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car]

'''NEW! Paper:''' March 2, 2015 [http://www.openroboethics.org/hri15/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Af-Applin_Fischer.pdf Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes]

'''Article:''' Dec. 2013: [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6679308 Sally A. Applin and Michael D. Fischer "Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions"]

'''Paper:''' June 29, 2013: [http://posr.org/w/images/0/0d/Applin_Fischer_ISTAS13_PREPUB_DRAFT.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Watching Me. Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)”]

'''Paper:''' March 19, 2013: [http://www.dfki.de/LAMDa/2013/accepted/13_ApplinFischer.pdf Sally A. Applin and Michael Fischer - “Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments”]